Human Physiology - Stuart Ira Fox - Chapter 3|
Questions and Answers
Cell **** Basic unit of structure and function in body
Cell has 3 main components: **** plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles
plasma membrane **** surrounds and gives cell form, selectively permeable, formed by
a double layer of phospholipids
Protein functions: **** provides structural support, serve as transporters, enzymes,
receptors and identity markers
Carbohydrates in form of ________ and ________ are part of outer surface of plasma
membrane **** glycoproteins, glycolipids
bulk transport **** movement of large molecules and particles across plasma
membrane by cells
Cells use ________ to export products into the ________ via ________ ****
exocytosis, extracellular fluid, secretory vesicles
cilia **** hair-like structures that beat in unison
cilia contain ________ **** microtubules
some epithelial cells have ________ on surface to increase surface area for absorption
**** microvilli
What are finger-like structures that expand surface area? **** microvilli
Cytoplasm **** jellylike matrix within a cell consisting of fluid like cytosol plus organelles
Cytoskeleton **** a latticework of microfilaments and microtubules filling cytoplasm
cytoskeleton functions: **** gives cell its shape and structure, forms tracks upon which
things are transported around cell
organelles **** cytoplasmic structures that perform specialized function for cells
lysosomes **** "demolition crew" containing digestive enzymes
, peroxisomes **** "toxic waste removal system" which contains oxidative enzymes
involved in detoxification in liver
mitochondria **** energy-producing organelles
Mitochondria is believed to have originated from ________ **** symbiotic bacteria
ribosomes **** protein factories where cell's proteins are synthesized
Endoplasmic Reticulum **** system of membranes specialized for synthesis or
degradation of molecules
Rough ER contains ribosomes for ________ **** protein synthesis
Smooth ER contains enzymes for ________ **** steroid synthesis
golgi complex **** "manufacturing and shipping center"; a series of membranous sacs
that receive products from the ER, modify those products, and release the products
within vesicles
What is formed in the golgi complex? **** lysosomes and secretory vesicles
nucleus **** contains cell's DNA
________ makes ribosomes **** nucleolus
________ are lengths of DNA that code for synthesis of RNA **** genes
What carries information for how to make protein? **** mRNA
________ is transported out of nucleus to ribosomes where proteins are made ****
mRNA
Gene expression takes place in 2 stages: **** transcription (RNA synthesis) and
translation (protein synthesis)
________ occurs when DNA sequence in a gene is turned into mRNA sequence ****
Transcription
________ occurs when mRNA sequence is used to make a protein **** Translation
What refers to all genes in an individual or in a species? **** genome
Proteome **** refers to all proteins produced by a genome
Questions and Answers
Cell **** Basic unit of structure and function in body
Cell has 3 main components: **** plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles
plasma membrane **** surrounds and gives cell form, selectively permeable, formed by
a double layer of phospholipids
Protein functions: **** provides structural support, serve as transporters, enzymes,
receptors and identity markers
Carbohydrates in form of ________ and ________ are part of outer surface of plasma
membrane **** glycoproteins, glycolipids
bulk transport **** movement of large molecules and particles across plasma
membrane by cells
Cells use ________ to export products into the ________ via ________ ****
exocytosis, extracellular fluid, secretory vesicles
cilia **** hair-like structures that beat in unison
cilia contain ________ **** microtubules
some epithelial cells have ________ on surface to increase surface area for absorption
**** microvilli
What are finger-like structures that expand surface area? **** microvilli
Cytoplasm **** jellylike matrix within a cell consisting of fluid like cytosol plus organelles
Cytoskeleton **** a latticework of microfilaments and microtubules filling cytoplasm
cytoskeleton functions: **** gives cell its shape and structure, forms tracks upon which
things are transported around cell
organelles **** cytoplasmic structures that perform specialized function for cells
lysosomes **** "demolition crew" containing digestive enzymes
, peroxisomes **** "toxic waste removal system" which contains oxidative enzymes
involved in detoxification in liver
mitochondria **** energy-producing organelles
Mitochondria is believed to have originated from ________ **** symbiotic bacteria
ribosomes **** protein factories where cell's proteins are synthesized
Endoplasmic Reticulum **** system of membranes specialized for synthesis or
degradation of molecules
Rough ER contains ribosomes for ________ **** protein synthesis
Smooth ER contains enzymes for ________ **** steroid synthesis
golgi complex **** "manufacturing and shipping center"; a series of membranous sacs
that receive products from the ER, modify those products, and release the products
within vesicles
What is formed in the golgi complex? **** lysosomes and secretory vesicles
nucleus **** contains cell's DNA
________ makes ribosomes **** nucleolus
________ are lengths of DNA that code for synthesis of RNA **** genes
What carries information for how to make protein? **** mRNA
________ is transported out of nucleus to ribosomes where proteins are made ****
mRNA
Gene expression takes place in 2 stages: **** transcription (RNA synthesis) and
translation (protein synthesis)
________ occurs when DNA sequence in a gene is turned into mRNA sequence ****
Transcription
________ occurs when mRNA sequence is used to make a protein **** Translation
What refers to all genes in an individual or in a species? **** genome
Proteome **** refers to all proteins produced by a genome
