Pathophysiology Exam 2
Blueprint(Latest Exam 2024)
What is ventilation? - correct answers✅The process of
inspiration and expiration of air through the pulmonary
airways to the alveoli
What is oxygenation? - correct answers✅The process of
supplying oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body
What is perfusion? - correct answers✅The movement of
blood through the pulmonary circulation to the alveoli
What are the most common types of pneumonia and how
are they acquired? - correct answers✅Community
acquired: s. pneumoniae
Hospital acquired: MRSA or VRE
Ventilator associated: enterococcus
Aspiration pneumonia: when anaerobic bacteria (staph) is
swallowed from the oropharynx
Walking pneumonia: caused by living in close quarters
and being exposed to mycoplasma.
What are the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia? -
correct answers✅Stroke
Dysphagia
Coma
,Pathophysiology Exam 2
Blueprint(Latest Exam 2024)
Chronic gingivitis or periodontal disease
Alcohol intoxication
What are the general risk factors of pneumonia? -
correct answers✅Current infection with influenza (or
other respiratory viral infections)
Immunosuppressed patients (like HIV)
Smoking
Lung cancers or tumors
COPD
Bronchiectasis
Asthma
Atelectasis
What is the general prevention of pneumonia? - correct
answers✅Pneumococcal vaccine
Smoking cessation
Social distancing
Preventing aspiration
Hand hygiene
What is the general treatment of pneumonia? - correct
answers✅Antibiotic therapy
,Pathophysiology Exam 2
Blueprint(Latest Exam 2024)
Oxygen therapy
IV fluids
Bronchodilators
Analgesia and Antipyretics
What is atelectasis?
What is the pathophysiology of atelectasis?
What is a consequence of atelectasis? - correct
answers✅Lung collapse
When a small number of alveoli collapses due to a variety
of factors inhibiting the alveoli from fully extending,
resulting in a decrease in gas exchange.
What is the etiology of atelectasis? - correct
answers✅Something is inhibiting the alveoli from FULLY
extending, resulting in them collapsing caused by:
Some compressive force (tumors)
Pleural effusion
Postoperative respiratory depression
, Pathophysiology Exam 2
Blueprint(Latest Exam 2024)
Shallow breaths and low RR
Obstruction of bronchioles
High amounts of supplemental O2
What is the treatment of atelectasis? Why does this
treatment work? - correct answers✅Deep breath and
cough
The force of the cough forces air into the alveoli to help
them reinflate
What is the etiology of acute pharyngitis?
What are the symptoms? - correct answers✅Etiology:
Streptococcus pyogenes (bacterial)
Swollen/red pharyngeal membranes
red/swollen tonsils
Tonsil covered in white exudate
Cervical lymph nodes swollen
Fever
Malaise
Blueprint(Latest Exam 2024)
What is ventilation? - correct answers✅The process of
inspiration and expiration of air through the pulmonary
airways to the alveoli
What is oxygenation? - correct answers✅The process of
supplying oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body
What is perfusion? - correct answers✅The movement of
blood through the pulmonary circulation to the alveoli
What are the most common types of pneumonia and how
are they acquired? - correct answers✅Community
acquired: s. pneumoniae
Hospital acquired: MRSA or VRE
Ventilator associated: enterococcus
Aspiration pneumonia: when anaerobic bacteria (staph) is
swallowed from the oropharynx
Walking pneumonia: caused by living in close quarters
and being exposed to mycoplasma.
What are the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia? -
correct answers✅Stroke
Dysphagia
Coma
,Pathophysiology Exam 2
Blueprint(Latest Exam 2024)
Chronic gingivitis or periodontal disease
Alcohol intoxication
What are the general risk factors of pneumonia? -
correct answers✅Current infection with influenza (or
other respiratory viral infections)
Immunosuppressed patients (like HIV)
Smoking
Lung cancers or tumors
COPD
Bronchiectasis
Asthma
Atelectasis
What is the general prevention of pneumonia? - correct
answers✅Pneumococcal vaccine
Smoking cessation
Social distancing
Preventing aspiration
Hand hygiene
What is the general treatment of pneumonia? - correct
answers✅Antibiotic therapy
,Pathophysiology Exam 2
Blueprint(Latest Exam 2024)
Oxygen therapy
IV fluids
Bronchodilators
Analgesia and Antipyretics
What is atelectasis?
What is the pathophysiology of atelectasis?
What is a consequence of atelectasis? - correct
answers✅Lung collapse
When a small number of alveoli collapses due to a variety
of factors inhibiting the alveoli from fully extending,
resulting in a decrease in gas exchange.
What is the etiology of atelectasis? - correct
answers✅Something is inhibiting the alveoli from FULLY
extending, resulting in them collapsing caused by:
Some compressive force (tumors)
Pleural effusion
Postoperative respiratory depression
, Pathophysiology Exam 2
Blueprint(Latest Exam 2024)
Shallow breaths and low RR
Obstruction of bronchioles
High amounts of supplemental O2
What is the treatment of atelectasis? Why does this
treatment work? - correct answers✅Deep breath and
cough
The force of the cough forces air into the alveoli to help
them reinflate
What is the etiology of acute pharyngitis?
What are the symptoms? - correct answers✅Etiology:
Streptococcus pyogenes (bacterial)
Swollen/red pharyngeal membranes
red/swollen tonsils
Tonsil covered in white exudate
Cervical lymph nodes swollen
Fever
Malaise
