Megan/Shay’s Study Guides | EXAM REVIEW | Q&A
__________ pressure is due to albumin in the bloodstream. *** Oncotic
__________ is a form of pressure exerted by proteins. *** Oncotic
What is the difference between adult and child immunity? *** Naive T Cells
What are the normal levels of CO2? *** 35 - 45
What are the normal levels of pH? *** 7.35 - 7.45
What are the normal levels of HCO3? *** 22 - 26
Define hypoventilation *** breathing that is too shallow or too slow to meet the needs of
the body
Define hyperventilation. *** rapid or deep breathing, usually caused by anxiety or panic
___________ takes blood out of the body via a PIV, and puts blood back into the body
through a central line. *** Hemodialysis
What are the normal levels of Sodium (Na+)? *** 135 - 145
Hyponatremia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** Na < 135
1. Loss of energy or fatigue
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Headache
4. Confusion
5. Muscle spasms
6. Low blood pressure
7. Dark scanty urine
8. Irritability, disorientation and neurological manifestations
9. Seizures
Hypernatremia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** Na > 145
1. Excessive thirst
2. Extreme fatigue
3. Confusion
4. Muscle twitching or spasms
5. Restlessness
6. Seizures
, What are the normal levels of Potassium (K+)? *** 3.5 - 5.0
Hypokalemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** K < 3.5
1. Muscle fatigue/cramping
2. Nausea, vomiting, constipation
3. Cardiac dysrhythmias
4. Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
Hyperkalemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** K > 5.0
1. Muscle weakness/paralysis
2. Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
3. Cardiac dysrhythmias
4. Cardiac arrest/MI
__________ can lead to cardiac arrest. *** Hyperkalemia
What are the normal levels of Calcium? *** 8.5 - 10.5
Hypocalcemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** Calcium < 8.5
1. Overexcitability of the muscles
2. Muscle twitching
3. Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
4. Chvostek and Trousseau sign (twitching on the cheek when touched)
5. Cardiac dysrhythmias
Hypercalcemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** Calcium > 10.5
1. Muscle weakness
2. Loss of muscle tone
3. Spontaneous fractures
4. Kidney stones
5. Cardiac dysrhythmias
What are the normal levels of Magnesium? *** 1.6 - 2.6
__________ disease is an autosomal recessive inherited genetic disorder caused by a
recessive allele (chromosome 15) that leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the
brain. Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually
become manifest a few months after birth, followed by death within a few years.
*Progressive flaccid muscles* *** Tay-Sach's
__________ pressure is due to albumin in the bloodstream. *** Oncotic
__________ is a form of pressure exerted by proteins. *** Oncotic
What is the difference between adult and child immunity? *** Naive T Cells
What are the normal levels of CO2? *** 35 - 45
What are the normal levels of pH? *** 7.35 - 7.45
What are the normal levels of HCO3? *** 22 - 26
Define hypoventilation *** breathing that is too shallow or too slow to meet the needs of
the body
Define hyperventilation. *** rapid or deep breathing, usually caused by anxiety or panic
___________ takes blood out of the body via a PIV, and puts blood back into the body
through a central line. *** Hemodialysis
What are the normal levels of Sodium (Na+)? *** 135 - 145
Hyponatremia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** Na < 135
1. Loss of energy or fatigue
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Headache
4. Confusion
5. Muscle spasms
6. Low blood pressure
7. Dark scanty urine
8. Irritability, disorientation and neurological manifestations
9. Seizures
Hypernatremia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** Na > 145
1. Excessive thirst
2. Extreme fatigue
3. Confusion
4. Muscle twitching or spasms
5. Restlessness
6. Seizures
, What are the normal levels of Potassium (K+)? *** 3.5 - 5.0
Hypokalemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** K < 3.5
1. Muscle fatigue/cramping
2. Nausea, vomiting, constipation
3. Cardiac dysrhythmias
4. Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
Hyperkalemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** K > 5.0
1. Muscle weakness/paralysis
2. Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
3. Cardiac dysrhythmias
4. Cardiac arrest/MI
__________ can lead to cardiac arrest. *** Hyperkalemia
What are the normal levels of Calcium? *** 8.5 - 10.5
Hypocalcemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** Calcium < 8.5
1. Overexcitability of the muscles
2. Muscle twitching
3. Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
4. Chvostek and Trousseau sign (twitching on the cheek when touched)
5. Cardiac dysrhythmias
Hypercalcemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? *** Calcium > 10.5
1. Muscle weakness
2. Loss of muscle tone
3. Spontaneous fractures
4. Kidney stones
5. Cardiac dysrhythmias
What are the normal levels of Magnesium? *** 1.6 - 2.6
__________ disease is an autosomal recessive inherited genetic disorder caused by a
recessive allele (chromosome 15) that leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the
brain. Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually
become manifest a few months after birth, followed by death within a few years.
*Progressive flaccid muscles* *** Tay-Sach's
