MLPAO exam review Questions and Answers Updated 2024/2025| Complete Verified Solution100%

MLPAO exam review Questions and Answers Updated 2024/2025| Complete Verified Solution100% compound microscope parts ocular lens = 10x magnification objective lens: 4x, 10x, 40x, 100x scanning = 4x low = 10x high = 40x oil immersion = 100x total magnification = objective lens power X 10 the evacuated tube system (ETS) consists of: - tourniquet - needle - tube holder - vacutainer tube The common needle gauges used for drawing blood are: green = 21 black = 22 blue = 23 The 4 main types of anticoagulants include: EDTA Citrate (sodium) Heparin Oxalate (potassium) How does the anticoagulant EDTA work? EDTA bonds with calcium ions so it's unavailable for the coagulation process How does the anticoagulant heparin work? heparin inhibits thrombin formation thrombin is needed to convert fibrinogen to fibrin (fibrin clot) what additive is in a yellow vacutainer? what test is it commonly used for? acid citrate dextrose (ACD) used for DNA studies - plasma what additives are available in a royal blue vacutainer? what test is it commonly used for? - plain - EDTA (common) - heparin used for toxicology and trace elements what test uses the black vacutainer? erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) what is the sodium citrate ratio difference between the black and light blue vacutainer? anticoagulant : blood black = 1:4 light blue = 1:9 in what order do you collect blood culture bottles? why? 1. aerobic 2. anaerobic anaerobic bottle should be collected second so that none of the air in the butterfly needle tube enters What is the order of draw? 1. sterile blood culture bottles (aerobic then anaerobic) 2. light blue 3. red 4. SST 5. PST 6. green 7. lavender 8. gray What is the normal pH of blood? 7.35-7.45 What is the composition of blood? 55% plasma 45% formed elements: (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) what are some factors that influence blood composition? - age - gender - pregnancy - diet - stress - drugs - environment etc. what is a 2 hr postprandial (PP) test? a screening test for diabetes compares a fasting blood specimen with one collected 2hrs pp. how should you prep for blood cultures collection? 1. cleanse skin with alcohol - let air dry 2. cleanse skin with Chlorhexidine - let air dry 3. disinfect bottles (uncap and rub alcohol pad on top) for pediatric heel prick, what depth lancet is used? depth should not exceed 2.4 mm what is an autologous donation? When a person has donated blood for their own use in surgery what is FOB test used to detect? blood in stool cancer what is the order of draw for capillary puncture? - blood gas specimens (CBGs) - EDTA specimens - other additive specimens - serum specimens what finger(s) are used for capillary puncture? middle or ring finger what are the types of serous fluids? - pleural (lungs) - pericardial (heart) - peritoneal (abdominal organs) when should an enterobiasis (pinworm) sample be collected? how is it collected? after midnight / early AM collected with a sticky (perianal) swab serum specimens that are milky white are termed: lipemic *present because pt wasn't fasting or has diabetes MLA may be asked to reject all specimens except: Icteric samples (high bilirubin) Define homeostasis Maintaining a stable internal environment what are the 4 parts of hemostasis?