RAD 130/135 Exam With
Complete Solutions
The bony thorax consists of:
-Sternum
-2 Clavicles
-2 Scapulae
-12 pairs of Ribs
-12 Thoracic Vertebrae
The 2 most important bony landmarks of the thorax for locating the CR on a PA &
AP projections are:
Vertebrae Prominens and Jugular Notch
The 4 divisions of the respiratory system are:
-Pharynx
-Trachea
-Bronchi
-Lungs
Anatomic Terms for the following structures are:
Adam's Apple - Thyroid Cartilage
Voice Box - Larynx
Breast Bone - Sternum
Shoulder Blade - Scapula
Collar Bone - Clavicle
List the 3 divisions of the structure located proximally to the larynx there serves
as a common passageway for food and air.
-Nasopharynx
-Oropharynx
-Laryngopharynx
,Which structure acts as a lid over the larynx to prevent foreign objects such as
food particles from entering the respirtory system?
Epiglottis
The trachea is located ______ to the esophagus?
Anteriorly
The ______ bone is seen in the anterior portion of the neck and found just below
the tongue or floor of mouth.
Hyoid
If a person accidentally inhales a food particle, which bronchus, is most likely to
enter and why?
Right bronchus, b/c its larger in diameter & more vertical.
What is the name of the prominence or ridge, seen when looking down into the
bronchus where it divides into the right and left bronchi?
Carina
The Carina is located approx. at ____vertebra.
T5
What is the term for the small air sacs located at the distal ends of the
bronchioles, in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the blood?
Alveoli
The delicate, double-walled sac or membrane containing the lungs is called the
Pleura
The outer layer of this membrane adhering to the inner surface of the chest wall
and diaphragm is the
Parietal Pleura
The inner layer adhering to the surface of the lungs is the ______ or ______
_______.
Pulmonary or Visceral Pleura
The potential space between these two layers (identified in B & C) is called the
______ ______
Pleural Cavity
,Air or gas that enters the space identified in the pleural cavity results in a
condition called
Pneumothorax
4 important structures of the mediastinum
1. Thymus Gland
2. Heart and Great Vessels
3. Trachea
4. Esophogus
The heart is enclosed in a double-walled membrane called the
Pericaridal Sac or Pericardium
The 3 parts of the Aorta are:
Ascending, Arch, and Descending Aorta
Which type of body habitus is associated with a broad and deep thorax?
Hyperstenic
Which type of body habitus may cause the costophrenic angles to be cut off if
careful vertical collimation is not used?
Hyposthenic and Asthenic
What is the min. # of ribs that should be demonstrated above the diaphragm on a
PA chest xray
10
Chest xrays are the most common repeated radiographic procedure b/c of poor
positioning or exposure factor selection errors?
TRUE
Chest xray for adult patient employs a kVp of
110-125
Optimal Technical Factors on a Chest radiograph include
Heart and great vessels, lung regions, hilar region
Describe the way optimum density of the lungs and mediastinal structures can be
determined on a PA chest radiograph:
Should be able to see faint outlines of at least middle and upper vertebra and ribs
through heart and other mediastinal structures.
, What exposure factors is recommended for a chest examination of a young pedi
patient.
60-70kV, short exposure time
The central ray is often centered higher for geriactric patients b/c they have
shallower lung fields
TRUE
To ensure better lung inspiration during chest x-ray, exposure should be made
during the 2nd inspiration.
TRUE
List 4 possible pathologic conditions that would suggest the need for both
inspiration and expiration PA chest radiographs
-Small pneumothorax
-Fixation or lack of normal diaphragm mvmt.
-Presence of foreign body
-Distinguishing b/wn opacity in rib/lung
List 3 reasons that chest xrays should be taken in the erect position.
1. To allow diaphragm to move further down
2. To show possible air/fluid levels in chest
3. To prevent engorgement & hyperemia of the vessels
Explain the primary purpose and benefit of performing chest xray using a 72 SID
Reduces disstortion & magnification of heart & other chest structures
Why do lungs tend to expand more with the patient in an erect position than in a
supine position?
Erect positions cause abdominal organs to drop allowing the diaphragm to move further
down & lungs to more fully aerate.
Which of the following is not a form of occupational lung disease?
Myocosis
Which of the following chest projections is recommended to detect calcifications
or caviations w/in the upper lung region near clavicles?
AP Lordotic
Why is a PA chest preferred to an AP projection?
Complete Solutions
The bony thorax consists of:
-Sternum
-2 Clavicles
-2 Scapulae
-12 pairs of Ribs
-12 Thoracic Vertebrae
The 2 most important bony landmarks of the thorax for locating the CR on a PA &
AP projections are:
Vertebrae Prominens and Jugular Notch
The 4 divisions of the respiratory system are:
-Pharynx
-Trachea
-Bronchi
-Lungs
Anatomic Terms for the following structures are:
Adam's Apple - Thyroid Cartilage
Voice Box - Larynx
Breast Bone - Sternum
Shoulder Blade - Scapula
Collar Bone - Clavicle
List the 3 divisions of the structure located proximally to the larynx there serves
as a common passageway for food and air.
-Nasopharynx
-Oropharynx
-Laryngopharynx
,Which structure acts as a lid over the larynx to prevent foreign objects such as
food particles from entering the respirtory system?
Epiglottis
The trachea is located ______ to the esophagus?
Anteriorly
The ______ bone is seen in the anterior portion of the neck and found just below
the tongue or floor of mouth.
Hyoid
If a person accidentally inhales a food particle, which bronchus, is most likely to
enter and why?
Right bronchus, b/c its larger in diameter & more vertical.
What is the name of the prominence or ridge, seen when looking down into the
bronchus where it divides into the right and left bronchi?
Carina
The Carina is located approx. at ____vertebra.
T5
What is the term for the small air sacs located at the distal ends of the
bronchioles, in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the blood?
Alveoli
The delicate, double-walled sac or membrane containing the lungs is called the
Pleura
The outer layer of this membrane adhering to the inner surface of the chest wall
and diaphragm is the
Parietal Pleura
The inner layer adhering to the surface of the lungs is the ______ or ______
_______.
Pulmonary or Visceral Pleura
The potential space between these two layers (identified in B & C) is called the
______ ______
Pleural Cavity
,Air or gas that enters the space identified in the pleural cavity results in a
condition called
Pneumothorax
4 important structures of the mediastinum
1. Thymus Gland
2. Heart and Great Vessels
3. Trachea
4. Esophogus
The heart is enclosed in a double-walled membrane called the
Pericaridal Sac or Pericardium
The 3 parts of the Aorta are:
Ascending, Arch, and Descending Aorta
Which type of body habitus is associated with a broad and deep thorax?
Hyperstenic
Which type of body habitus may cause the costophrenic angles to be cut off if
careful vertical collimation is not used?
Hyposthenic and Asthenic
What is the min. # of ribs that should be demonstrated above the diaphragm on a
PA chest xray
10
Chest xrays are the most common repeated radiographic procedure b/c of poor
positioning or exposure factor selection errors?
TRUE
Chest xray for adult patient employs a kVp of
110-125
Optimal Technical Factors on a Chest radiograph include
Heart and great vessels, lung regions, hilar region
Describe the way optimum density of the lungs and mediastinal structures can be
determined on a PA chest radiograph:
Should be able to see faint outlines of at least middle and upper vertebra and ribs
through heart and other mediastinal structures.
, What exposure factors is recommended for a chest examination of a young pedi
patient.
60-70kV, short exposure time
The central ray is often centered higher for geriactric patients b/c they have
shallower lung fields
TRUE
To ensure better lung inspiration during chest x-ray, exposure should be made
during the 2nd inspiration.
TRUE
List 4 possible pathologic conditions that would suggest the need for both
inspiration and expiration PA chest radiographs
-Small pneumothorax
-Fixation or lack of normal diaphragm mvmt.
-Presence of foreign body
-Distinguishing b/wn opacity in rib/lung
List 3 reasons that chest xrays should be taken in the erect position.
1. To allow diaphragm to move further down
2. To show possible air/fluid levels in chest
3. To prevent engorgement & hyperemia of the vessels
Explain the primary purpose and benefit of performing chest xray using a 72 SID
Reduces disstortion & magnification of heart & other chest structures
Why do lungs tend to expand more with the patient in an erect position than in a
supine position?
Erect positions cause abdominal organs to drop allowing the diaphragm to move further
down & lungs to more fully aerate.
Which of the following is not a form of occupational lung disease?
Myocosis
Which of the following chest projections is recommended to detect calcifications
or caviations w/in the upper lung region near clavicles?
AP Lordotic
Why is a PA chest preferred to an AP projection?
