Cellular Respiration Breakdown
✅
Glucose → ATP- Glycolysis
Pyruvate decarboxylation
TCA (Krebs cycle)
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis-✅Break down of glucose
Anaerobic (no O2)
1 glucose mol. (6 Carbons) → 2 pyruvate mols. (3 Carbons)
2 ATP input → 4 ATP output & 2 NADH = 2 net ATP mols. & 2 NADH
Occurs in cytosol (not in organelle)
Steps:
Hexokinase: phosphorylates glucose → Glucose-6-phosphate →
irreversible rxn
Phosphofructokinase (PFK): phosphorylates Glucose-6-phosphate →
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate → rate limiting step
✅
Most oxidized form of Carbon- CO2
Waste product of cellular respiration (occurs via oxidation)
✅
Oxidation rxns- ADP + Pi → ATP (oxidized)
NAD+ + FAD+ → FADH2 + NADH (oxidized)
Mitochondria- ✅Double layered
Outer membrane
Intermembrane space: H+ build up
Matrix:
, Krebs cycle → produces ATP
β-oxidation to break down fatty acids
Inner membrane: many folds to ↑ surface area → ↑ electron transport
chain output
Pyruvate decarboxylation- ✅Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
Aerobic process
2 pyruvate molecules from glycolysis transported into matrix via
secondary active transport using protons (doesn’t directly use ATP)
1 Pyruvate + Coenzyme A → Acetyl CoA + 1 NADH + 1 CO2
Pyruvate decarboxylate complex (PDC) catalyzes rxn
How many CO2 and NADH yield from the breakdown of 1 glucose?- ✅2
CO2 + 2 NADH
TCA (Krebs cycle) / Citric Acid Cycle- ✅Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
Aerobic process
1 Acetal CoA + oxaloacetate → citrate
Citrate further oxidizes until oxaloacetate is formed and the cycle repeats
Full cycle yields: 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 GTP (ATP) + 2 CO2
Electron transport chain (ETC)- ✅Occurs in inner membrane / cristae
of mitochondria
Aerobic process
Removes e- from glucose, pyruvate and Acetyl CoA
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs here
✅
Glucose → ATP- Glycolysis
Pyruvate decarboxylation
TCA (Krebs cycle)
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis-✅Break down of glucose
Anaerobic (no O2)
1 glucose mol. (6 Carbons) → 2 pyruvate mols. (3 Carbons)
2 ATP input → 4 ATP output & 2 NADH = 2 net ATP mols. & 2 NADH
Occurs in cytosol (not in organelle)
Steps:
Hexokinase: phosphorylates glucose → Glucose-6-phosphate →
irreversible rxn
Phosphofructokinase (PFK): phosphorylates Glucose-6-phosphate →
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate → rate limiting step
✅
Most oxidized form of Carbon- CO2
Waste product of cellular respiration (occurs via oxidation)
✅
Oxidation rxns- ADP + Pi → ATP (oxidized)
NAD+ + FAD+ → FADH2 + NADH (oxidized)
Mitochondria- ✅Double layered
Outer membrane
Intermembrane space: H+ build up
Matrix:
, Krebs cycle → produces ATP
β-oxidation to break down fatty acids
Inner membrane: many folds to ↑ surface area → ↑ electron transport
chain output
Pyruvate decarboxylation- ✅Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
Aerobic process
2 pyruvate molecules from glycolysis transported into matrix via
secondary active transport using protons (doesn’t directly use ATP)
1 Pyruvate + Coenzyme A → Acetyl CoA + 1 NADH + 1 CO2
Pyruvate decarboxylate complex (PDC) catalyzes rxn
How many CO2 and NADH yield from the breakdown of 1 glucose?- ✅2
CO2 + 2 NADH
TCA (Krebs cycle) / Citric Acid Cycle- ✅Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
Aerobic process
1 Acetal CoA + oxaloacetate → citrate
Citrate further oxidizes until oxaloacetate is formed and the cycle repeats
Full cycle yields: 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 GTP (ATP) + 2 CO2
Electron transport chain (ETC)- ✅Occurs in inner membrane / cristae
of mitochondria
Aerobic process
Removes e- from glucose, pyruvate and Acetyl CoA
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs here
