American Government CLEP Exam
10th Amendment - ✅✅-Powers not given to federal government go to
people and States
11th Amendment - ✅✅-Prohibits citizens of one state or foreign country from
suing another state.
12th Amendment - ✅✅ -Brought about by the Jefferson/Burr tie, stated that
presidential and vice-presidential nominees would run on the same party
ticket. Before that time, all of the candidates ran against each other, with the
winner becoming president and second-place becoming vice-president.
13th Amendment (1865) - ✅✅-Abolishes and prohibits slavery
14th Amendment - ✅✅ -Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are
citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
15th Amendment (1870) - ✅✅ -U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting
because of race, color, or creed
16th Amendment - ✅✅-Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913)
gave Congress the power to tax income.
17th Amendment - ✅✅ -Established the direct election of senators (instead
of being chosen by state legislatures)
18th Amendment - ✅✅-Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of
alcoholic beverages
19th Amendment (1920) - ✅✅-Gave women the right to vote
21st Amendment - ✅✅ -Amendment which ended the Prohibition of alcohol
in the US, repealing the 18th amendment
22nd Amendment - ✅✅-Limits the president to two terms.
23rd Amendment - ✅✅-Gives Washington DC electoral college votes as if it
were a state (DC still has no representation in Congress)
,24th Amendment - ✅✅-Abolishes poll taxes
25th Amendment - ✅✅-Presidential succession - vice president is next in
line
26th Amendment - ✅✅-Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
27th Amendment - ✅✅-congressional pay raises are not begun until the
next election
3 types of political participation - ✅✅-Conventional
Unconventional
Illegal
30% of government spending - ✅✅-discretionary spending
4 models of voting behavior - ✅✅-rational-choice voting
retrospective voting
prospective voting
party-line voting
6th Amendment - ✅✅-Right to a fair, speedy trial
70% of government spending - ✅✅-mandatory spending
7th Amendment - ✅✅-Right to jury in civil trials.
8th Amendment - ✅✅-No cruel or unusual punishment
9th Amendment - ✅✅-Unenumerated Rights
✅✅
accounts for the greatest percentage of expenditure for state and local
governments in the United States? - -schools
advice and consent - ✅✅ -Terms in the Constitution describing the U.S.
Senate's power to review and approve treaties and presidential appointments.
ex approving judicial nominees
agenda setting - ✅✅ -the power of the media to bring public attention to
particular issues and problems
, American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) - ✅✅ -the American
Association of Retired Persons, AARP is the nation's leading organization for
people age fifty and older.
American Labor Unions - ✅✅-engage in strikes
Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 - ✅✅-The ABA marks one of the first
efforts to ensure that certain federally funded buildings and facilities are
designed and constructed to be accessible to people with disabilities.
Arizona v. United States (2012) - ✅✅-Only the federal government may
regulate immigration laws and enforcement
Article 1 Section 8 -✅✅ -lists specific powers of Congress, including the
power to establish and maintain an army and navy, to establish post offices, to
create courts, to regulate commerce between the states, to declare war, and
to raise money. It also includes a clause known as the Elastic Clause which
allows it to pass any law necessary for the carrying out of the previously listed
powers.
Articles of Confederation - ✅✅ -1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788
(weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate
trade) gave too much power to the colonies, only lasted 10 years.
Baker v. Carr - what happened - ✅✅
-Tennessee's population multiplied in
urban areas, however the numbers had not been redrawn in 5o years, so rural
voters had much more power than the urban voters. Decided that
reapportionment was necessary and the supreme court did have that power.
Baker v. Carr (1962) - ✅✅ -"One man, one vote." Ordered state legislative
districts to be as near equal as possible in population; Warren Court's judicial
activism.
benchmark poll - ✅✅ -a survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign
in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are
important to voters
✅✅
Bill of Rights - -First 10 amendments to the Constitution
- limited power of the federal government but protects individual liberty
10th Amendment - ✅✅-Powers not given to federal government go to
people and States
11th Amendment - ✅✅-Prohibits citizens of one state or foreign country from
suing another state.
12th Amendment - ✅✅ -Brought about by the Jefferson/Burr tie, stated that
presidential and vice-presidential nominees would run on the same party
ticket. Before that time, all of the candidates ran against each other, with the
winner becoming president and second-place becoming vice-president.
13th Amendment (1865) - ✅✅-Abolishes and prohibits slavery
14th Amendment - ✅✅ -Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are
citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
15th Amendment (1870) - ✅✅ -U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting
because of race, color, or creed
16th Amendment - ✅✅-Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913)
gave Congress the power to tax income.
17th Amendment - ✅✅ -Established the direct election of senators (instead
of being chosen by state legislatures)
18th Amendment - ✅✅-Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of
alcoholic beverages
19th Amendment (1920) - ✅✅-Gave women the right to vote
21st Amendment - ✅✅ -Amendment which ended the Prohibition of alcohol
in the US, repealing the 18th amendment
22nd Amendment - ✅✅-Limits the president to two terms.
23rd Amendment - ✅✅-Gives Washington DC electoral college votes as if it
were a state (DC still has no representation in Congress)
,24th Amendment - ✅✅-Abolishes poll taxes
25th Amendment - ✅✅-Presidential succession - vice president is next in
line
26th Amendment - ✅✅-Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
27th Amendment - ✅✅-congressional pay raises are not begun until the
next election
3 types of political participation - ✅✅-Conventional
Unconventional
Illegal
30% of government spending - ✅✅-discretionary spending
4 models of voting behavior - ✅✅-rational-choice voting
retrospective voting
prospective voting
party-line voting
6th Amendment - ✅✅-Right to a fair, speedy trial
70% of government spending - ✅✅-mandatory spending
7th Amendment - ✅✅-Right to jury in civil trials.
8th Amendment - ✅✅-No cruel or unusual punishment
9th Amendment - ✅✅-Unenumerated Rights
✅✅
accounts for the greatest percentage of expenditure for state and local
governments in the United States? - -schools
advice and consent - ✅✅ -Terms in the Constitution describing the U.S.
Senate's power to review and approve treaties and presidential appointments.
ex approving judicial nominees
agenda setting - ✅✅ -the power of the media to bring public attention to
particular issues and problems
, American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) - ✅✅ -the American
Association of Retired Persons, AARP is the nation's leading organization for
people age fifty and older.
American Labor Unions - ✅✅-engage in strikes
Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 - ✅✅-The ABA marks one of the first
efforts to ensure that certain federally funded buildings and facilities are
designed and constructed to be accessible to people with disabilities.
Arizona v. United States (2012) - ✅✅-Only the federal government may
regulate immigration laws and enforcement
Article 1 Section 8 -✅✅ -lists specific powers of Congress, including the
power to establish and maintain an army and navy, to establish post offices, to
create courts, to regulate commerce between the states, to declare war, and
to raise money. It also includes a clause known as the Elastic Clause which
allows it to pass any law necessary for the carrying out of the previously listed
powers.
Articles of Confederation - ✅✅ -1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788
(weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate
trade) gave too much power to the colonies, only lasted 10 years.
Baker v. Carr - what happened - ✅✅
-Tennessee's population multiplied in
urban areas, however the numbers had not been redrawn in 5o years, so rural
voters had much more power than the urban voters. Decided that
reapportionment was necessary and the supreme court did have that power.
Baker v. Carr (1962) - ✅✅ -"One man, one vote." Ordered state legislative
districts to be as near equal as possible in population; Warren Court's judicial
activism.
benchmark poll - ✅✅ -a survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign
in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are
important to voters
✅✅
Bill of Rights - -First 10 amendments to the Constitution
- limited power of the federal government but protects individual liberty
