Knee ortho
Most common injured ligament
ACL
Differentiate meniscal tear vs ligament tear
Meniscus swelling occurs 12-24 hours post injury
Ligament is immediately
Apley's Distraction Test
Patient prone with knee flexed to 90 degrees, the doctor anchors the thigh of
the patient and grasps proximal to the foot and applies upward pressure and
rotates leg internally and externally. Heel points toward side being tested.
Positive sign is pain in the knee indicating collateral ligament tear
Apley's Compression Test
Patient prone with knee flexed to 90 degrees, the doctor anchors the thigh of
the patient and grasps proximal to foot and applies downward pressure and
rotates leg internally and externally. Heel points toward side being tested.
Positive sign is pain in knee indicating meniscal tear.
Drawer Test
Patient is supine, knee flexed to 90 degrees and hip to 45 degrees. Doctor
stabilizes foot on table, tibia is then drawn forward/posterior.
Positive sign is pain or joint laxity indicating ACL if PA positive, or PCL if AP
positive
Lachman's Test
Lachman's is not locked out
Patient is supine, knee flexed to 30 degrees, the doctor stabilizes the femur
with one hand and pulls the tibia forward with the other hand.
Most common injured ligament
ACL
Differentiate meniscal tear vs ligament tear
Meniscus swelling occurs 12-24 hours post injury
Ligament is immediately
Apley's Distraction Test
Patient prone with knee flexed to 90 degrees, the doctor anchors the thigh of
the patient and grasps proximal to the foot and applies upward pressure and
rotates leg internally and externally. Heel points toward side being tested.
Positive sign is pain in the knee indicating collateral ligament tear
Apley's Compression Test
Patient prone with knee flexed to 90 degrees, the doctor anchors the thigh of
the patient and grasps proximal to foot and applies downward pressure and
rotates leg internally and externally. Heel points toward side being tested.
Positive sign is pain in knee indicating meniscal tear.
Drawer Test
Patient is supine, knee flexed to 90 degrees and hip to 45 degrees. Doctor
stabilizes foot on table, tibia is then drawn forward/posterior.
Positive sign is pain or joint laxity indicating ACL if PA positive, or PCL if AP
positive
Lachman's Test
Lachman's is not locked out
Patient is supine, knee flexed to 30 degrees, the doctor stabilizes the femur
with one hand and pulls the tibia forward with the other hand.
