Med Surg Exam 1 Questions
Stroke
Disruption in blood flow to the brain, caused by blockage or bleeding
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Lack of blood flow to brain tissue due to brain bleeding
Pathophysiology of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Bleeding in or around the brain from a ruptured vessel
Risk Factors of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Hypertension, substance abuse, anticoagulant therapy, trauma
Complications of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Blood irritant, seizures, vasospasm causing ischemia
Ischemic Stroke
Type of stroke caused by a blockage in a blood vessel
Clinical Manifestations of Ischemic Stroke
Affects body sides based on artery location
Clinical Manifestations of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Includes sudden severe headache, neck stiffness
Risk factors for stroke
· Hypertension,
· Cigarette smoking.
· Hypercholesterolemia
· Illicit drug use (cocaine use is associated with ich).
,· Age greater than 55,
· Gender (male)
· Race (African American)
Left Cerebral artery stroke
affects the right side of the body.
Right cerebral artery stroke
affects the left side of the body.
Basilar artery stroke
dizziness, ataxia, tinnitus, decreased sensations, difficulty in articulation,
speech, swallowing and oral secretions.
FAST in Stroke
Facial drooping, arm weakness, slurred speech, time to call 911
What will you see in stroke patients?
· Altered LOC (confusion, coma)
· Aphasia (speech difficulty)
· Apraxia (inability to perform physical tasks)
· Ataxia
· Hemianopia (blindness in one half of the visual field
· Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) -risk for aspiration
List three places where a stroke can occur.
· MCA (Middle Cerebral Artery)
· Basilar
· Brainstem
, Signs of an MCA stroke (Middle Cerebral Artery)
· Classic FAST symptoms
· Contralateral manifestations (manifestations in the body on the side opposite
the infarct in the brain)
Signs of a basilar stroke
· Decreased LOC
· Loss of vision
· Abnormal pupil response
Brainstem stroke signs
· Loss of BP regulation
· Respiratory failure
· Dysphagia
What are some nursing goals for ischemic strokes?
· Ensure perfusion to the brain tissue.
· Get rid of the clot and get blood flowing again.
Therapeutic management for ischemic stroke
· Permissive hypertension
· Antithrombotic therapy
· Carotid endarterectomy
· Percutaneous thrombectomy
What is permissive hypertension?
· It is a technique that maintains higher blood pressure following a stroke.
Stroke
Disruption in blood flow to the brain, caused by blockage or bleeding
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Lack of blood flow to brain tissue due to brain bleeding
Pathophysiology of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Bleeding in or around the brain from a ruptured vessel
Risk Factors of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Hypertension, substance abuse, anticoagulant therapy, trauma
Complications of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Blood irritant, seizures, vasospasm causing ischemia
Ischemic Stroke
Type of stroke caused by a blockage in a blood vessel
Clinical Manifestations of Ischemic Stroke
Affects body sides based on artery location
Clinical Manifestations of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Includes sudden severe headache, neck stiffness
Risk factors for stroke
· Hypertension,
· Cigarette smoking.
· Hypercholesterolemia
· Illicit drug use (cocaine use is associated with ich).
,· Age greater than 55,
· Gender (male)
· Race (African American)
Left Cerebral artery stroke
affects the right side of the body.
Right cerebral artery stroke
affects the left side of the body.
Basilar artery stroke
dizziness, ataxia, tinnitus, decreased sensations, difficulty in articulation,
speech, swallowing and oral secretions.
FAST in Stroke
Facial drooping, arm weakness, slurred speech, time to call 911
What will you see in stroke patients?
· Altered LOC (confusion, coma)
· Aphasia (speech difficulty)
· Apraxia (inability to perform physical tasks)
· Ataxia
· Hemianopia (blindness in one half of the visual field
· Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) -risk for aspiration
List three places where a stroke can occur.
· MCA (Middle Cerebral Artery)
· Basilar
· Brainstem
, Signs of an MCA stroke (Middle Cerebral Artery)
· Classic FAST symptoms
· Contralateral manifestations (manifestations in the body on the side opposite
the infarct in the brain)
Signs of a basilar stroke
· Decreased LOC
· Loss of vision
· Abnormal pupil response
Brainstem stroke signs
· Loss of BP regulation
· Respiratory failure
· Dysphagia
What are some nursing goals for ischemic strokes?
· Ensure perfusion to the brain tissue.
· Get rid of the clot and get blood flowing again.
Therapeutic management for ischemic stroke
· Permissive hypertension
· Antithrombotic therapy
· Carotid endarterectomy
· Percutaneous thrombectomy
What is permissive hypertension?
· It is a technique that maintains higher blood pressure following a stroke.
