PMB 3212 Exam 1
Phanerochaete chrysosporium - ANS-Thermophilic fungi from first class
400M years old - ANS-How old are the oldest unambiguous fungi fossils?
Rhynie chert - ANS-Term for oldest unambiguous fungi fossils
Taxonomy - ANS-Nomenclature of organisms
Classification - ANS-The process of grouping things based on their similarities
Systematics - ANS-Determination and study of evolutionary relationships among
organisms
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - ANS-Baker's yeast
Nucleotide - ANS-Nitrogenous base pair (A,T,C,G) + Sugar-Phosphate Backbone (5
sugars and phosphate)
Components of fungal genome - ANS-nuclear DNA + mitochondrial DNA
Anamorphic phase - ANS-Asexual (imperfect) phase
Telomorphic phase - ANS-Sexual (perfect) phase
Holomorph - ANS-anamorph + teleomorph
Ribosomal gene cluster - ANS-encodes 3 regions of ribosomal RNA
18S SSU - ANS-encodes RNA for small subunit
5.8S and 28S LSU - ANS-encodes RNA for large subunit
Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) - ANS-encodes non-functional RNA
tandem repeats - ANS-200+ Ribosomal/ITS sequence copies, separated by
non-transcribed spacers (NTS)
, Phylogenic tree - ANS-A form/drawing to represent evolutionary relationships
rooted phylogenetic tree - ANS-Related taxa converge on a single node (root) that
represents, hypothetically, a common ancestor
unrooted phylogenetic tree - ANS-related taxa shown without suggesting ancestory
It is non-functional, therefore less conserved and less variable - ANS-Why is the ITS
region ideal for taxonomy/classification?
PCR primers - ANS-Short, single-stranded DNA/RNA (18-22 bp) used to initiate DNA
synthesis
ITS1-F & ITS4-B primers - ANS-DNA primers (19 & 20 bp, respectively) to amplify ITS
region. Specific for Basidiomycota
Culture-dependent ID - ANS-DNA extraction from a culture is needed to barcode the
ITS region
Culture-independent ID - ANS-Same as culture-dependent,extracting ALL DNA, but
using high-throughput sequencing (HTS)
Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) - ANS-assigned grouping at any level of hierarchy
from populations of organisms down to single, exact DNA sequences. Some will trace to
specific, familiar species
Environmental Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (eMOTU) - ANS-Same as OTUs,
but will not trace to any known, culturable species
"Lower fungi" Phyla - ANS-Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota,
Blastocladiomycota, formerly known as Zygomycota
Phyla with flagella - ANS-Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, &
Neocallimastigomycota
Phyla w/o flagella - ANS-Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, or filamentous
Zygomycota
Chytridiomycota - ANS-True chytrids
Phanerochaete chrysosporium - ANS-Thermophilic fungi from first class
400M years old - ANS-How old are the oldest unambiguous fungi fossils?
Rhynie chert - ANS-Term for oldest unambiguous fungi fossils
Taxonomy - ANS-Nomenclature of organisms
Classification - ANS-The process of grouping things based on their similarities
Systematics - ANS-Determination and study of evolutionary relationships among
organisms
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - ANS-Baker's yeast
Nucleotide - ANS-Nitrogenous base pair (A,T,C,G) + Sugar-Phosphate Backbone (5
sugars and phosphate)
Components of fungal genome - ANS-nuclear DNA + mitochondrial DNA
Anamorphic phase - ANS-Asexual (imperfect) phase
Telomorphic phase - ANS-Sexual (perfect) phase
Holomorph - ANS-anamorph + teleomorph
Ribosomal gene cluster - ANS-encodes 3 regions of ribosomal RNA
18S SSU - ANS-encodes RNA for small subunit
5.8S and 28S LSU - ANS-encodes RNA for large subunit
Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) - ANS-encodes non-functional RNA
tandem repeats - ANS-200+ Ribosomal/ITS sequence copies, separated by
non-transcribed spacers (NTS)
, Phylogenic tree - ANS-A form/drawing to represent evolutionary relationships
rooted phylogenetic tree - ANS-Related taxa converge on a single node (root) that
represents, hypothetically, a common ancestor
unrooted phylogenetic tree - ANS-related taxa shown without suggesting ancestory
It is non-functional, therefore less conserved and less variable - ANS-Why is the ITS
region ideal for taxonomy/classification?
PCR primers - ANS-Short, single-stranded DNA/RNA (18-22 bp) used to initiate DNA
synthesis
ITS1-F & ITS4-B primers - ANS-DNA primers (19 & 20 bp, respectively) to amplify ITS
region. Specific for Basidiomycota
Culture-dependent ID - ANS-DNA extraction from a culture is needed to barcode the
ITS region
Culture-independent ID - ANS-Same as culture-dependent,extracting ALL DNA, but
using high-throughput sequencing (HTS)
Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) - ANS-assigned grouping at any level of hierarchy
from populations of organisms down to single, exact DNA sequences. Some will trace to
specific, familiar species
Environmental Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (eMOTU) - ANS-Same as OTUs,
but will not trace to any known, culturable species
"Lower fungi" Phyla - ANS-Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota,
Blastocladiomycota, formerly known as Zygomycota
Phyla with flagella - ANS-Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, &
Neocallimastigomycota
Phyla w/o flagella - ANS-Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, or filamentous
Zygomycota
Chytridiomycota - ANS-True chytrids
