MCB2010 Exam 1
Microorganisms - ANS-organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Microbes in our life - ANS--pathogenic (disease-causing)
-organic (carbon-based) (proteins, carbs, DNA)
What do microbes produce? - ANS--produce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and
acetone
-produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese and bread
-produce products in manufacturing (cellulase) and treatment (insulin)
What are the 3 classifications in the ecosystem? - ANS-1) producers: plants,
photosynthetic bacteria
2) consumers: animals
3) decomposers: bacteria and fungi
What does the knowledge of microorganisms allow humans to do? - ANS--prevent food
spoilage
-prevent disease occurrence
-led to ascetic techniques to prevent contamination in median and microbiology labs
Ethyl alcohol - ANS-sugar -----> alcohol by yeast for fermentation
Scientific name for yeast - ANS-Saccharomyces cerevisiae
What is the cell wall made up of? - ANS-cellulose
What is the enzyme that digests cellulose? - ANS-cellulase
Who was the creator of the scientific nomenclature system? - ANS-Linnaeus
What are the two names for each organism? - ANS-genus and species
Genus - ANS-capital letter, underlined or italicized
Species - ANS-lower case letter, underlined or italicized
Escherichia coli - ANS--honors discoverer (Theodor Escherich)
, -describes the bacteria's habitat -the colon
Staphylococcus aureus - ANS--describes the clustered (staphylo)
-spherical (cocci) cells
-describes the gold-colored (aureus) colonies
Bacteria - ANS--prokaryotes
-peptidoglycan cell walls
-binary fission
-for energy, use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis
Archaea - ANS--prokaryotic
-lack peptidoglycan
-cell wall is made up of pseudomorein
-live in extreme environments
-include methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles
What are the 3 domains? - ANS-1) bacteria
2) archaea
3) eukarya
Fungi - ANS--eukaryotes
-chitin cell walls
-heterotrophs (obtain food and energy through other organic chemicals)
-use organic chemicals for energy
What are the 3 categories of Fungi? - ANS-1) Yeasts-unicellular
2)Molds- multicellular
3) Mushrooms- multicellular
Saprophyte - ANS-feed off of dead organic matter
Protozoa - ANS--eukaryotes
-absorb or ingest organic chemicals
-may be motile via pseudopods,cilia, or flagella
Locomotion of protozoa - ANS-1) Pseudopod (false-feet) (Amoeba proteus)
2) Cilia (Paramecium)
3) Flagella (Trichomonas vaginalis)
Microorganisms - ANS-organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Microbes in our life - ANS--pathogenic (disease-causing)
-organic (carbon-based) (proteins, carbs, DNA)
What do microbes produce? - ANS--produce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and
acetone
-produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese and bread
-produce products in manufacturing (cellulase) and treatment (insulin)
What are the 3 classifications in the ecosystem? - ANS-1) producers: plants,
photosynthetic bacteria
2) consumers: animals
3) decomposers: bacteria and fungi
What does the knowledge of microorganisms allow humans to do? - ANS--prevent food
spoilage
-prevent disease occurrence
-led to ascetic techniques to prevent contamination in median and microbiology labs
Ethyl alcohol - ANS-sugar -----> alcohol by yeast for fermentation
Scientific name for yeast - ANS-Saccharomyces cerevisiae
What is the cell wall made up of? - ANS-cellulose
What is the enzyme that digests cellulose? - ANS-cellulase
Who was the creator of the scientific nomenclature system? - ANS-Linnaeus
What are the two names for each organism? - ANS-genus and species
Genus - ANS-capital letter, underlined or italicized
Species - ANS-lower case letter, underlined or italicized
Escherichia coli - ANS--honors discoverer (Theodor Escherich)
, -describes the bacteria's habitat -the colon
Staphylococcus aureus - ANS--describes the clustered (staphylo)
-spherical (cocci) cells
-describes the gold-colored (aureus) colonies
Bacteria - ANS--prokaryotes
-peptidoglycan cell walls
-binary fission
-for energy, use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis
Archaea - ANS--prokaryotic
-lack peptidoglycan
-cell wall is made up of pseudomorein
-live in extreme environments
-include methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles
What are the 3 domains? - ANS-1) bacteria
2) archaea
3) eukarya
Fungi - ANS--eukaryotes
-chitin cell walls
-heterotrophs (obtain food and energy through other organic chemicals)
-use organic chemicals for energy
What are the 3 categories of Fungi? - ANS-1) Yeasts-unicellular
2)Molds- multicellular
3) Mushrooms- multicellular
Saprophyte - ANS-feed off of dead organic matter
Protozoa - ANS--eukaryotes
-absorb or ingest organic chemicals
-may be motile via pseudopods,cilia, or flagella
Locomotion of protozoa - ANS-1) Pseudopod (false-feet) (Amoeba proteus)
2) Cilia (Paramecium)
3) Flagella (Trichomonas vaginalis)
