Psych 140 Module 4 Exam Questions & answers

Psych 140 Module 4 Exam
✅✅
This researcher emphasized the role of the teacher and expert in learning. -
-Vygotsky


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This researcher was pessimistic about a child's abilities to learn by himself. -
-Vygotsky

According to Vygotsky, in an ideal learning situation, adults give much assistance to
young children early on. As the children become more competent, the adult begins to

✅✅
withdraw direct assistance. This illustrates the zone of _______________. -
-proximal
development

Which Piagetian substage occurs during the Preoperational stage: Secondary

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Circular Reactions, Symbolic Function, or
Metacognition. - -Symbolic Function


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Why do young children fail conservation tasks, according to Piaget? -
-Centration

____________ according to Piaget, is the ability to understand that altering physical

✅✅
appearance does not necessarily change the
amount of that substance. - -Conservation

Which theorist, Piaget or Vygotsky, thought that collaborative work with teachers or

✅✅
older peers is the key to cognitive
development? - -Vygotsky


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True or false? Gender constancy is similar to Piaget's idea of conservation. -
-True

According to Piaget, ____________ are mental activities. - ✅✅-Operations
✅✅
Which theorist, Piaget or Vygotsky, thought that self-discovery was key to cognitive
development? - -Piaget

Which of the following accurately describes Discovery Learning? - ✅✅-Children
learn by actively exploring—emphasis on hands- on learning.


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Which of the following accurately describes Piaget's views on assimilation and
accommodation? - -Problem-solving skills must be discovered; they cannot be
taught.

, ✅✅
This researcher focused on how young children experiment on their world in order to
learn about it. - -Piaget

True or false? Myelination can impact the way that children think. - ✅✅-True
✅✅
Synaptic ____________ occurs when under-utilized synaptic connections die away. -
-Pruning


✅✅
The process by which neurons become insulated with a layer of fat cells is known as
____________. - -Myelination

True or false? Myelination can impact the way that children think. - ✅✅-True
Gender ____________ theory states that children learn what society thinks about

✅✅
male- and female-appropriate behaviors and that
they organize new information according to these models. - -Schema


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True or false? Children in early childhood as well as elementary school tend to
associate with children of the same gender. - -True


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Which of Baumrind's parenting styles is associated with the most negative long-term
outcomes? - -Neglectful


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True or false? It is common for young children to engage in gender stereotyping. -
-True

True or false? Neglect is not a form of child abuse. - ✅✅-False
✅✅
True or false? Researchers on gender and early childhood indicate that it's rare for
children of this age group to behave in very genderstereotypical ways. - -False


✅✅
True or false? Children are not born with the ability to take another's perspective. -
-True

Gender ____________ theory states that children learn what society thinks about

✅✅
male- and female-appropriate behaviors and that they organize new information
according to these models. - -Schema


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True or false? When children play pretend games with one another, they are showing
a reduction in egocentrism. - -True

Why is parallel play an example of egocentrism? - ✅✅-Egocentrism refers to a
problem with taking another person's perspective or point of view, they are
focused on their own play