BST 322 Week 2 A+ Questions and
Answers 2024
Sampling error - ANS-(SEM) The difference between the sample value and the
parameter. Error in a statistical analysis arising from the unrepresentativeness of the
sample taken. Reflects the tendency for statistics to fluctuate from one sample to
another.
Sampling distribution - ANS-Are actually probability distributions, is central to estimates
of sampling error.
Sampling distribution of the mean - ANS-A theoretical probability distribution of the
means of an infinite number of samples given size from a population.
Standard error of the mean - ANS-The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of
the sample mean.
Point estimation - ANS-Involves calculating a single statistics to estimate the parameter.
Confidence interval aka Interval Estimate - ANS-Result adjusted by adding and
subtracting the margin of error
Null hypothesis - ANS-The hypothesis that there is no significant difference between
specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental
error.
Alternate hypothesis - ANS
Type I error - ANS-false positive
Type II error - ANS-false negative
Alpha level - ANS-Indicates the area in the theoretical probability distribution that
corresponds to the rejection of the null hypothesis. It s the area under the probability
distribution that is outside (above and below) the confidence limits, i.e., it is the total
"shaded" area. It is equal to 1.00 minus the size of the confidence interval, thus a 95%
, confidence interval has an alpha value of 5% (or, 0.05).
Beta - ANS-The probability of making a Type II error.
Power - ANS-The probability that a test will reject a false null hypothesis.
Parametric tests - ANS-Involve estimating a parameter
Non-parametric tests - ANS-Do not test hypotheses about population parameters.
One-tailed test - ANS-Is one in which the critical region is in only one end of the
distribution.
Two-tailed test - ANS-Is one that uses both tails of a sampling distribution to determine
the critical region for rejecting the null hypothesis.
Critical region - ANS-Acceptance region on the theoretical distribution, and to accept the
null hypothesis otherwise.
Degrees of freedom - ANS-Is a concept used in statistical testing to indicate the number
of components that are free to vary about a parameter.
One-sample t-test - ANS
Standard error of the difference - ANS-SEd summarizes how much sampling error
occurs, on average, when a mean difference score is computed, for samples of a given
size.
Independent groups t-test - ANS-Is used when the participants in the two groups are not
the same people, nor connected to one another in a systematic way.
Paired t-test - ANS-(Dependent group t test or correlated groups t test)
Point biserial correlation - ANS
Between-group varaiance - ANS-Differences between groups
Within-group variance - ANS-Differences between people in the groups
Answers 2024
Sampling error - ANS-(SEM) The difference between the sample value and the
parameter. Error in a statistical analysis arising from the unrepresentativeness of the
sample taken. Reflects the tendency for statistics to fluctuate from one sample to
another.
Sampling distribution - ANS-Are actually probability distributions, is central to estimates
of sampling error.
Sampling distribution of the mean - ANS-A theoretical probability distribution of the
means of an infinite number of samples given size from a population.
Standard error of the mean - ANS-The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of
the sample mean.
Point estimation - ANS-Involves calculating a single statistics to estimate the parameter.
Confidence interval aka Interval Estimate - ANS-Result adjusted by adding and
subtracting the margin of error
Null hypothesis - ANS-The hypothesis that there is no significant difference between
specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental
error.
Alternate hypothesis - ANS
Type I error - ANS-false positive
Type II error - ANS-false negative
Alpha level - ANS-Indicates the area in the theoretical probability distribution that
corresponds to the rejection of the null hypothesis. It s the area under the probability
distribution that is outside (above and below) the confidence limits, i.e., it is the total
"shaded" area. It is equal to 1.00 minus the size of the confidence interval, thus a 95%
, confidence interval has an alpha value of 5% (or, 0.05).
Beta - ANS-The probability of making a Type II error.
Power - ANS-The probability that a test will reject a false null hypothesis.
Parametric tests - ANS-Involve estimating a parameter
Non-parametric tests - ANS-Do not test hypotheses about population parameters.
One-tailed test - ANS-Is one in which the critical region is in only one end of the
distribution.
Two-tailed test - ANS-Is one that uses both tails of a sampling distribution to determine
the critical region for rejecting the null hypothesis.
Critical region - ANS-Acceptance region on the theoretical distribution, and to accept the
null hypothesis otherwise.
Degrees of freedom - ANS-Is a concept used in statistical testing to indicate the number
of components that are free to vary about a parameter.
One-sample t-test - ANS
Standard error of the difference - ANS-SEd summarizes how much sampling error
occurs, on average, when a mean difference score is computed, for samples of a given
size.
Independent groups t-test - ANS-Is used when the participants in the two groups are not
the same people, nor connected to one another in a systematic way.
Paired t-test - ANS-(Dependent group t test or correlated groups t test)
Point biserial correlation - ANS
Between-group varaiance - ANS-Differences between groups
Within-group variance - ANS-Differences between people in the groups
