NSG 531 Pharm Exam 1
100% - correct answer-what is the bioavailability of IV administered drugs
acetaminophen toxicity - correct answer-when maximum dose is exceeded or overdosed,
metabolism by conjugation is saturated and excess APAP is oxidatively metabolized by the
CYP enzymes to the hepatotoxic restrive metabolite (NAPQI), excessive NAPQI causes
oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction which causes hepatocellular injury and
death
ALAN - correct answer-if pH<pKa environment is acidic. Acidic environment moves reaction
to Left and Acid is Nonionized
bioavailability - correct answer-fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation
following administration
Biotransformation - correct answer-the process in which enzymes convert a drug into a
metabolite that is itself active/polar. This makes it less likely to be reabsorbed by GI or
urinary tract
BRAIN - correct answer-if pH> pKa environment is basic. Basic environment moves reaction
to the Right Acid is Ionized Base Nonionized
fatty acid tails - correct answer-hydrophobic (repel water)
first order kinetics - correct answer-absolute amount of drug eliminated per unit time is
variable but percentage of drug eliminated per unit drug is constant (ex half life is always 1
hour (constant) but amount is different each time); enzymes are not saturated
Free drug and Albumin - correct answer-increased total drug concentration is associated
with increased free drug in the plasma and decreased albumin.
high Ka - correct answer-associated with longer half-life because drugs are stuck to plasma
proteins longer. Also means reaction is favored to the right (more drug on plasma protein,
less free drug)
high Kd - correct answer-associated with increased free drug
high molecular weight - correct answer-aka plasma-protein bound drugs; can't pass through
cell membrane so accumulate in plasma, creating a low VD
If bioavailability is mentioned with loading dose - correct answer-cross multiply to account for
amount needed to reach systemic circulation
ionized - correct answer-charged; always water soluble, cannot cross membrane easily
100% - correct answer-what is the bioavailability of IV administered drugs
acetaminophen toxicity - correct answer-when maximum dose is exceeded or overdosed,
metabolism by conjugation is saturated and excess APAP is oxidatively metabolized by the
CYP enzymes to the hepatotoxic restrive metabolite (NAPQI), excessive NAPQI causes
oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction which causes hepatocellular injury and
death
ALAN - correct answer-if pH<pKa environment is acidic. Acidic environment moves reaction
to Left and Acid is Nonionized
bioavailability - correct answer-fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation
following administration
Biotransformation - correct answer-the process in which enzymes convert a drug into a
metabolite that is itself active/polar. This makes it less likely to be reabsorbed by GI or
urinary tract
BRAIN - correct answer-if pH> pKa environment is basic. Basic environment moves reaction
to the Right Acid is Ionized Base Nonionized
fatty acid tails - correct answer-hydrophobic (repel water)
first order kinetics - correct answer-absolute amount of drug eliminated per unit time is
variable but percentage of drug eliminated per unit drug is constant (ex half life is always 1
hour (constant) but amount is different each time); enzymes are not saturated
Free drug and Albumin - correct answer-increased total drug concentration is associated
with increased free drug in the plasma and decreased albumin.
high Ka - correct answer-associated with longer half-life because drugs are stuck to plasma
proteins longer. Also means reaction is favored to the right (more drug on plasma protein,
less free drug)
high Kd - correct answer-associated with increased free drug
high molecular weight - correct answer-aka plasma-protein bound drugs; can't pass through
cell membrane so accumulate in plasma, creating a low VD
If bioavailability is mentioned with loading dose - correct answer-cross multiply to account for
amount needed to reach systemic circulation
ionized - correct answer-charged; always water soluble, cannot cross membrane easily
