Nursing Galen Fundamentals 155 Exam 1
Unit 1
Communication Process
A referent initiates communication between a sender and a receiver, during
which a message is sent through a channel and followed by feedback to ensure
accuracy.
Non Verbal Communication
Nonverbal communication is wordless transmission of information. According to
seminal research by Mehrabian (1971), 93% of communication is nonverbal.
Body language constitutes 55% of all nonverbal communication, and voice
inflection accounts for 38%. Nonverbal communication is the more accurate
mode of conveying information. Realizing the frequency and value of nonverbal
communication helps the nurse observe and assess patients more accurately.
Nurses who perceive the potential effect of their own nonverbal behavior will
communicate more professionally and consistently when interacting with others.
Body Language
Body language is conveyed in many ways. Posture, stance, gait, facial
expressions, eye movements, touch, gestures, and symbolic expressions
influencing personal appearance, such as jewelry and make-up, generally
communicate a person's thoughts more accurately than simple verbal
interactions.
Facial Expresion and Eye Movement
Grimacing or rolling the eyes communicates significant information. Some facial
expressions may indicate fear or apprehension regarding impending diagnostic
testing or surgery.
Touch Gestures and Symobolic Expressions
Making physical contact in patient care situations can communicate caring or can
be perceived as restrictive, depending on the type of touch used. Gently touching
,a blind patient's arm before providing care helps alert the patient to the nurse's
presence (Fig. 3.2). Therapeutic touch, such as holding the patient's hand or
touching the patient's shoulder, can provide comfort and may alleviate pain. This
is especially true when a patient is undergoing a painful or stressful procedure. In
most cases, it is important for the nurse to be aware of or verify a patient's
openness to touch before implementing it as a nursing intervention.
Proxemics
proxemics (i.e., study of the spatial requirements of humans and animals). He
identified four specific distances in which people interact: intimate space (0-1.5
feet), personal space (1.5-4 feet), social space (4-12 feet), and public space (12
feet or more).
Setting, Context, Content for Communication
Setting, Context, and Content
Spoken words may be communicated face to face, in a group setting, or through
devices such as phones or intercoms. The setting of communication greatly
influences what is or what can be shared.
Written Communication
Written communication, although effective in providing details and legal
documentation, lacks the nuances that voice inflection and interactive
conversation can provide.
Electronic Communication
Special care must be taken to maintain confidentiality while communicating
electronically. Electronic communication in the form of information referencing,
e-mail, social networking, and blogging can quickly contribute to a person's
knowledge, providing patients and health care professionals with vital
information. However, the potential for miscommunication exists, in part because
nonverbal cues are not apparent. When communicating verbally by electronic
media, patients and nurses must take time to validate and verify shared
information because misunderstandings can occur if feedback is inadequate.
,Chapter 10 provides additional information on the requirements of electronic
documentation.
Intrapersonal Communication
Intrapersonal communication (i.e., occurring internally) focuses on personal
needs and can influence a person's well-being. Positive self-talk is internal
conversation that provides motivation and encouragement; it may be used to
build self-esteem and self-confidence. By encouraging positive self-talk, nurses
empower patients to fight their diseases and persevere through difficult
situations.
Positive self-talk
internal conversation that provides motivation and encouragement; it may be
used to build self-esteem and self-confidence. By encouraging positive self-talk,
nurses empower patients to fight their diseases and persevere through difficult
situations.
Negative self-talk
(i.e., harmful or destructive internal conversation) may damage the ability of an
individual to achieve one's greatest potential or to overcome adversity. Negative
self-talk may increase a patient's perception of pain, anxiety, or inability to meet
the challenges of a poor prognosis.
Meditation
(i.e., mindful reflection or contemplation) is another form of intrapersonal
communication.
prayer
(i.e., a form of meditation traditionally directed to a deity), meditation is a
continuous thought process that centers on one idea, with the goal of achieving
inner peace and relaxation.
, Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal communication takes place between two or more people. It may be
formal or informal and conversational, and it may or may not have a stated goal
or purpose. In the context of an interview, it may vary from the strictly formal to
very casual.
The CUS tool (Concern, Uncomfortable, Safety)
When using the CUS format, health care team members can (1) state their
Concern, (2) state why they are Uncomfortable, and (3) identify the Safety issue
and share what actions they think should be taken to prevent a negative patient
outcome
SBAR
(situation, background, assessment, and recommendation) is a widely accepted
method of hand-off communication that involves interpersonal communication
designed to enhance patient safety and outcomes.
S>B>A>R what does SBAR stand for
• Situation: What is happening right now?
• Background: What led to the current situation?
• Assessment: What is the identified problem, concern, or need?
• Recommendation: What actions or interventions should be initiated to alleviate
the problem?
Ethical Implications of communication - informaton (PHI)
Information shared during informal and formal nurse-patient interaction is
considered confidential. The nurse must maintain the patient's right to privacy to
ensure that the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
regulations are met.
Professional role boundaries
Unit 1
Communication Process
A referent initiates communication between a sender and a receiver, during
which a message is sent through a channel and followed by feedback to ensure
accuracy.
Non Verbal Communication
Nonverbal communication is wordless transmission of information. According to
seminal research by Mehrabian (1971), 93% of communication is nonverbal.
Body language constitutes 55% of all nonverbal communication, and voice
inflection accounts for 38%. Nonverbal communication is the more accurate
mode of conveying information. Realizing the frequency and value of nonverbal
communication helps the nurse observe and assess patients more accurately.
Nurses who perceive the potential effect of their own nonverbal behavior will
communicate more professionally and consistently when interacting with others.
Body Language
Body language is conveyed in many ways. Posture, stance, gait, facial
expressions, eye movements, touch, gestures, and symbolic expressions
influencing personal appearance, such as jewelry and make-up, generally
communicate a person's thoughts more accurately than simple verbal
interactions.
Facial Expresion and Eye Movement
Grimacing or rolling the eyes communicates significant information. Some facial
expressions may indicate fear or apprehension regarding impending diagnostic
testing or surgery.
Touch Gestures and Symobolic Expressions
Making physical contact in patient care situations can communicate caring or can
be perceived as restrictive, depending on the type of touch used. Gently touching
,a blind patient's arm before providing care helps alert the patient to the nurse's
presence (Fig. 3.2). Therapeutic touch, such as holding the patient's hand or
touching the patient's shoulder, can provide comfort and may alleviate pain. This
is especially true when a patient is undergoing a painful or stressful procedure. In
most cases, it is important for the nurse to be aware of or verify a patient's
openness to touch before implementing it as a nursing intervention.
Proxemics
proxemics (i.e., study of the spatial requirements of humans and animals). He
identified four specific distances in which people interact: intimate space (0-1.5
feet), personal space (1.5-4 feet), social space (4-12 feet), and public space (12
feet or more).
Setting, Context, Content for Communication
Setting, Context, and Content
Spoken words may be communicated face to face, in a group setting, or through
devices such as phones or intercoms. The setting of communication greatly
influences what is or what can be shared.
Written Communication
Written communication, although effective in providing details and legal
documentation, lacks the nuances that voice inflection and interactive
conversation can provide.
Electronic Communication
Special care must be taken to maintain confidentiality while communicating
electronically. Electronic communication in the form of information referencing,
e-mail, social networking, and blogging can quickly contribute to a person's
knowledge, providing patients and health care professionals with vital
information. However, the potential for miscommunication exists, in part because
nonverbal cues are not apparent. When communicating verbally by electronic
media, patients and nurses must take time to validate and verify shared
information because misunderstandings can occur if feedback is inadequate.
,Chapter 10 provides additional information on the requirements of electronic
documentation.
Intrapersonal Communication
Intrapersonal communication (i.e., occurring internally) focuses on personal
needs and can influence a person's well-being. Positive self-talk is internal
conversation that provides motivation and encouragement; it may be used to
build self-esteem and self-confidence. By encouraging positive self-talk, nurses
empower patients to fight their diseases and persevere through difficult
situations.
Positive self-talk
internal conversation that provides motivation and encouragement; it may be
used to build self-esteem and self-confidence. By encouraging positive self-talk,
nurses empower patients to fight their diseases and persevere through difficult
situations.
Negative self-talk
(i.e., harmful or destructive internal conversation) may damage the ability of an
individual to achieve one's greatest potential or to overcome adversity. Negative
self-talk may increase a patient's perception of pain, anxiety, or inability to meet
the challenges of a poor prognosis.
Meditation
(i.e., mindful reflection or contemplation) is another form of intrapersonal
communication.
prayer
(i.e., a form of meditation traditionally directed to a deity), meditation is a
continuous thought process that centers on one idea, with the goal of achieving
inner peace and relaxation.
, Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal communication takes place between two or more people. It may be
formal or informal and conversational, and it may or may not have a stated goal
or purpose. In the context of an interview, it may vary from the strictly formal to
very casual.
The CUS tool (Concern, Uncomfortable, Safety)
When using the CUS format, health care team members can (1) state their
Concern, (2) state why they are Uncomfortable, and (3) identify the Safety issue
and share what actions they think should be taken to prevent a negative patient
outcome
SBAR
(situation, background, assessment, and recommendation) is a widely accepted
method of hand-off communication that involves interpersonal communication
designed to enhance patient safety and outcomes.
S>B>A>R what does SBAR stand for
• Situation: What is happening right now?
• Background: What led to the current situation?
• Assessment: What is the identified problem, concern, or need?
• Recommendation: What actions or interventions should be initiated to alleviate
the problem?
Ethical Implications of communication - informaton (PHI)
Information shared during informal and formal nurse-patient interaction is
considered confidential. The nurse must maintain the patient's right to privacy to
ensure that the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
regulations are met.
Professional role boundaries
