BIOL 2200 Final Exam
A fish is excreting large volumes of water; we would describe it as
______________________ relative to its environment. - ANS-An osmoregulator that is
hyperosmotic.
Which of the following animals likely makes the most nitrogenous waste?
A. Frugivorous Bat
B. Insectivorous Frog
C. Piscivorous Seal
D. Granivorous Bird - ANS-C. Piscivorous Seal
Which of the following statements about mammalian excretion if FALSE:
A. Substances like solutes always diffuse across the nephron membrane, with direction
based on differences in the concentration gradient
B. Whenever water is diffusing out of nephron, solutes are diffusing in
C. Water resorption happens at every stage of the process, making the waste more and
more concentrated
D. A & B
E. A, B, and C - ANS-E. A, B, and C
The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that
________. - ANS-Urea is less toxic than ammonia
Uric acid is the _______________ toxic form of nitrogenous waste, has a very
_____________ water loss, and a very _____________________ energy expenditure. -
ANS-Least
Low
High
Ammonia is likely to be the primary form of nitrogenous waste in an environment with a
mass abundance of _______________. - ANS-Water
The figure shows the human excretory system. Letters from A to E mark the definite
structures of this system. Letter A marks the vessels that nourish the kidney. Letter B
marks the tube, which goes from the kidney to bladder. Letter C marks the sac in the
pelvis. Letter D marks bean-shaped organ. Letter E marks the tube, which goes from
bladder to outside.
,Which labels the urethra? - ANS-E
Urine formed by a kidney collects in the _____ before being drained from the kidney by
the _____ and transported to the _____. - ANS-Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Fluid from the glomerulus first collects in ____________________________. -
ANS-Bowman's Capsule
The _____ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys. - ANS-Renal
Arteries
What is the functional unit of a kidney? - ANS-Nephron
The ________________ is the outer part of the kidney. - ANS-Cortex
What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, leading to a reduction in the overall filtrate
volume? - ANS-Water, NaCl, Ions, and Nutrients
The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ____________, while it is impermeable to
_________________. - ANS-NaCl
Water
In which part of the nephron does the filtrate have a higher osmolarity than the blood
when it enters and a lower osmolarity than the blood when it leaves? - ANS-Ascending
loop of Henle
What contributes most significantly to the kidney's high energy expenditure? -
ANS-Transport of NaCl in the thick portion of the ascending loop of Henle
True or False:
The collecting duct concentrates urine by actively reabsorbing NaCl. - ANS-False
True or False:
Reabsorption of water and solutes in the proximal tubule reduces the volume of the
filtrate. - ANS-True
True or False:
,The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when the kidneys are in
water-conservation mode. - ANS-True
True or False:
Regulated changes in the epithelium of the loop of Henle allow the kidney to operate in
water-conservation mode. - ANS-False
Place the 4 general components of excretion in the correct order:
1. Excretion
2. Filtration
3. Reabsorption
4. Secretion - ANS-2, 3, 4, 1
Why doesn't your stomach digest itself or other components of the digestive tract? -
ANS-Stomach cells are digested; they are replaced very frequently
Which of the following statements about comparative morphology of alimentary canals
is true?
A. Herbivores have short alimentary canals relative to carnivores because plant material
is easy to digest
B. Herbivores have a long cecum relative to carnivores because bacteria help digest
plant material
C. Omnivores have shorter alimentary canals than carnivores because they eat both
plants and animals
D. All of the above
E. None of the above - ANS-B.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Extracellular digestion requires specialized digestive organs
B. The human cecum plays a key role in digesting plant material
C. Chemical digestion is largely completed in the stomach
D. The liver is in chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients
E. None of the above - ANS-D.
Sexual reproduction is common among animals, but many plants asexually reproduce.
Why?
A. Plants make their gametes via mitosis, so sexual reproduction does increase genetic
diversity as effectively as it does in animals
B. Plants are sessile, so finding a partner can be difficult and some reproduction is
better than no reproduction
, C. In general, plants have shorter lifespans, so its more important for them to make lots
of offspring
D. A & B
E. All of the Above - ANS-B.
Differences in sperm and egg production in humans have consequences for the
likelihood of successful fertilization. Which of the following is false?
A. As a man gets older, his sperm quality decreases
B. As a man gets older, his sperm quantity decreases
C. As a woman gets older, her egg quality decreases
D. As a woman gets older, her egg quantity decreases
E. All of the above are true - ANS-B.
For which of the following components of gametogenesis is the number the same in
human male and females?
A. Interruptions in meiotic divisions
B. Functional gametes produced by meiosis
C. Meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete
D. Ploidy level of mature gametes
E. Two of the Above - ANS-C & D
Do all animals have a circulatory system?
A. Yes, because this is how Oxygen is distributed to animal cells
B. No, because some animals make their own Oxygen
C. No, because some animals distribute Oxygen through first contact of hemolymph
D. No, because some animals can exchange material directly with their environment -
ANS-D
Terms:
1. Arteries
2. Atrium
3. Capillaries
4. Veins
5. Ventricle
Definitions:
A. carries blood from heart to organs
B. carries blood from organs to heart
C. found near every cell in the body
D. where blood enters heart
A fish is excreting large volumes of water; we would describe it as
______________________ relative to its environment. - ANS-An osmoregulator that is
hyperosmotic.
Which of the following animals likely makes the most nitrogenous waste?
A. Frugivorous Bat
B. Insectivorous Frog
C. Piscivorous Seal
D. Granivorous Bird - ANS-C. Piscivorous Seal
Which of the following statements about mammalian excretion if FALSE:
A. Substances like solutes always diffuse across the nephron membrane, with direction
based on differences in the concentration gradient
B. Whenever water is diffusing out of nephron, solutes are diffusing in
C. Water resorption happens at every stage of the process, making the waste more and
more concentrated
D. A & B
E. A, B, and C - ANS-E. A, B, and C
The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that
________. - ANS-Urea is less toxic than ammonia
Uric acid is the _______________ toxic form of nitrogenous waste, has a very
_____________ water loss, and a very _____________________ energy expenditure. -
ANS-Least
Low
High
Ammonia is likely to be the primary form of nitrogenous waste in an environment with a
mass abundance of _______________. - ANS-Water
The figure shows the human excretory system. Letters from A to E mark the definite
structures of this system. Letter A marks the vessels that nourish the kidney. Letter B
marks the tube, which goes from the kidney to bladder. Letter C marks the sac in the
pelvis. Letter D marks bean-shaped organ. Letter E marks the tube, which goes from
bladder to outside.
,Which labels the urethra? - ANS-E
Urine formed by a kidney collects in the _____ before being drained from the kidney by
the _____ and transported to the _____. - ANS-Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Fluid from the glomerulus first collects in ____________________________. -
ANS-Bowman's Capsule
The _____ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys. - ANS-Renal
Arteries
What is the functional unit of a kidney? - ANS-Nephron
The ________________ is the outer part of the kidney. - ANS-Cortex
What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, leading to a reduction in the overall filtrate
volume? - ANS-Water, NaCl, Ions, and Nutrients
The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ____________, while it is impermeable to
_________________. - ANS-NaCl
Water
In which part of the nephron does the filtrate have a higher osmolarity than the blood
when it enters and a lower osmolarity than the blood when it leaves? - ANS-Ascending
loop of Henle
What contributes most significantly to the kidney's high energy expenditure? -
ANS-Transport of NaCl in the thick portion of the ascending loop of Henle
True or False:
The collecting duct concentrates urine by actively reabsorbing NaCl. - ANS-False
True or False:
Reabsorption of water and solutes in the proximal tubule reduces the volume of the
filtrate. - ANS-True
True or False:
,The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when the kidneys are in
water-conservation mode. - ANS-True
True or False:
Regulated changes in the epithelium of the loop of Henle allow the kidney to operate in
water-conservation mode. - ANS-False
Place the 4 general components of excretion in the correct order:
1. Excretion
2. Filtration
3. Reabsorption
4. Secretion - ANS-2, 3, 4, 1
Why doesn't your stomach digest itself or other components of the digestive tract? -
ANS-Stomach cells are digested; they are replaced very frequently
Which of the following statements about comparative morphology of alimentary canals
is true?
A. Herbivores have short alimentary canals relative to carnivores because plant material
is easy to digest
B. Herbivores have a long cecum relative to carnivores because bacteria help digest
plant material
C. Omnivores have shorter alimentary canals than carnivores because they eat both
plants and animals
D. All of the above
E. None of the above - ANS-B.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Extracellular digestion requires specialized digestive organs
B. The human cecum plays a key role in digesting plant material
C. Chemical digestion is largely completed in the stomach
D. The liver is in chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients
E. None of the above - ANS-D.
Sexual reproduction is common among animals, but many plants asexually reproduce.
Why?
A. Plants make their gametes via mitosis, so sexual reproduction does increase genetic
diversity as effectively as it does in animals
B. Plants are sessile, so finding a partner can be difficult and some reproduction is
better than no reproduction
, C. In general, plants have shorter lifespans, so its more important for them to make lots
of offspring
D. A & B
E. All of the Above - ANS-B.
Differences in sperm and egg production in humans have consequences for the
likelihood of successful fertilization. Which of the following is false?
A. As a man gets older, his sperm quality decreases
B. As a man gets older, his sperm quantity decreases
C. As a woman gets older, her egg quality decreases
D. As a woman gets older, her egg quantity decreases
E. All of the above are true - ANS-B.
For which of the following components of gametogenesis is the number the same in
human male and females?
A. Interruptions in meiotic divisions
B. Functional gametes produced by meiosis
C. Meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete
D. Ploidy level of mature gametes
E. Two of the Above - ANS-C & D
Do all animals have a circulatory system?
A. Yes, because this is how Oxygen is distributed to animal cells
B. No, because some animals make their own Oxygen
C. No, because some animals distribute Oxygen through first contact of hemolymph
D. No, because some animals can exchange material directly with their environment -
ANS-D
Terms:
1. Arteries
2. Atrium
3. Capillaries
4. Veins
5. Ventricle
Definitions:
A. carries blood from heart to organs
B. carries blood from organs to heart
C. found near every cell in the body
D. where blood enters heart
