ANSC 333 Exam 1
theriogenology - ANS-study of animal reproduction
obstetrics - ANS-branch of human & veterinary medicine that deals with the female
during pregnancy, parturition, and puerperium
puerperium - ANS-postpartum
andrology - ANS-branch of human & veterinary medicine that deals with reproductive
physiology of the male
gynecology - ANS-branch of human medicine that deals with reproductive physiology of
the female
types of signaling - ANS-autocrine, paracrine, neurocrine, endocrine, exocrine
autocrine (signaling) - ANS-molecule released signals the same cell
paracrine (signaling) - ANS-molecule signals nearby cells
neurocrine (signaling) - ANS-between neuron & synapse
endocrine (signaling) - ANS-through blood, to peripheral organ
exocrine (signaling) - ANS--through ducts, secreted by epithelial cells (skin & urine)
-act at a distance; pheromones
hormone - ANS-substance produced by one or more glands that is transported by the
blood to exert a specific effect upon another organ
endocrinology - ANS-branch of biology that studies hormones including their source,
targets, regulation, and impact
hormone classified by - ANS-chemical, receptor type, source
5 chemical classes of hormones - ANS-peptide/protein, glycoprotein, steroid,
eiconsanoid, amine
,peptide & protein hormones created from - ANS-amino acids using a genomic blueprint
peptide hormones - ANS--very small
-made up of only few amino acid residues
-neuroendocrine
-typically exist in form of a linear chain
-often derived from longer precursor sequences
-ex. oxytocin (9AA), GnRH (10 AA)
protein hormones - ANS--made up of longer sequences of amino acids
-typically have complex secondary structure
-prolactin (198 AA)
-single aa change can change shape & function
glycoprotein hormones - ANS--made up of two protein subunits (heterodimer)
-universal alpha chain, unique beta chain (receptor specificity), and linked by
non-covalent bonds
-modified through glycosylation
-ex: LH, FSH, eCH/hCG, inhibin, activin
-large so long half life (kidney struggles to remove)
-very expensive to make
relaxin - ANS--intermediate between protein & glycoprotein hormone
-heterodimer of 2 protein sequences
-both subunits are relatively short (24 & 29 AA)
-subunits have secondary structure
-joined by covalent linkage
-not subject to glycosylation
steroid hormones - ANS--common structure
-derived from cholesterol
-why anorexic animals have abnormal reproduction (too little cholesterol)
-ex. estradiol, progesterone, testosterone
steroid hormone pathway - ANS--enzymes interconvert them
-cortisol is a stress marker
-aldosterone controls sodium and water levels
estrogen hormones - ANS-estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3)
, estrogen prefixes - ANS--xeno (not native)
-phyto (made by plants)
-myco (made by fungi)
progesterone hormones - ANS--progesterone (only natural one)
-progestogen (class of steroid hormone that binds to the receptor, similar to "xeno")
-progestin (synthetic steroid derivative, birth control)
testosterone hormones - ANS--testosterone
-androgens (control male development & maintenance)
-anabolic steroids (androgens, promotes muscle development)
eicosanoid - ANS--derived from arachidonic acid (polyunsaturated FA)
-vasoconstriction & dilation)
-production & interconversion is regulated by enzymes
-ex. prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha), NSAIDS
arachidonic pathway - ANS--linked to non-reproductive processes (immune function,
clotting, and vascular control)
amine hormones - ANS--derived from AAs (tryptophan and tyrosine)
-byproduct
-tiny
-chemically universal (no bio variance)
-ex. melatonin
grouping receptor by type - ANS--receptors are proteins
-whether hormone binds extracellularly or intracellularly
-abundance & fit matters
-group 1 & 2
group 1 hormone action - ANS--hormones can cross cell and nuclear membrane &
interact with receptors in nucleus
-alter gene expression directly
-steroid hormones
-travel through blood w/ conj. protein that makes them more hydrophilic
-prolonged but slow to start effect
group 2 hormone action - ANS--hormones bind to cell surface receptors
-binding of the receptor induces a signal cascade
theriogenology - ANS-study of animal reproduction
obstetrics - ANS-branch of human & veterinary medicine that deals with the female
during pregnancy, parturition, and puerperium
puerperium - ANS-postpartum
andrology - ANS-branch of human & veterinary medicine that deals with reproductive
physiology of the male
gynecology - ANS-branch of human medicine that deals with reproductive physiology of
the female
types of signaling - ANS-autocrine, paracrine, neurocrine, endocrine, exocrine
autocrine (signaling) - ANS-molecule released signals the same cell
paracrine (signaling) - ANS-molecule signals nearby cells
neurocrine (signaling) - ANS-between neuron & synapse
endocrine (signaling) - ANS-through blood, to peripheral organ
exocrine (signaling) - ANS--through ducts, secreted by epithelial cells (skin & urine)
-act at a distance; pheromones
hormone - ANS-substance produced by one or more glands that is transported by the
blood to exert a specific effect upon another organ
endocrinology - ANS-branch of biology that studies hormones including their source,
targets, regulation, and impact
hormone classified by - ANS-chemical, receptor type, source
5 chemical classes of hormones - ANS-peptide/protein, glycoprotein, steroid,
eiconsanoid, amine
,peptide & protein hormones created from - ANS-amino acids using a genomic blueprint
peptide hormones - ANS--very small
-made up of only few amino acid residues
-neuroendocrine
-typically exist in form of a linear chain
-often derived from longer precursor sequences
-ex. oxytocin (9AA), GnRH (10 AA)
protein hormones - ANS--made up of longer sequences of amino acids
-typically have complex secondary structure
-prolactin (198 AA)
-single aa change can change shape & function
glycoprotein hormones - ANS--made up of two protein subunits (heterodimer)
-universal alpha chain, unique beta chain (receptor specificity), and linked by
non-covalent bonds
-modified through glycosylation
-ex: LH, FSH, eCH/hCG, inhibin, activin
-large so long half life (kidney struggles to remove)
-very expensive to make
relaxin - ANS--intermediate between protein & glycoprotein hormone
-heterodimer of 2 protein sequences
-both subunits are relatively short (24 & 29 AA)
-subunits have secondary structure
-joined by covalent linkage
-not subject to glycosylation
steroid hormones - ANS--common structure
-derived from cholesterol
-why anorexic animals have abnormal reproduction (too little cholesterol)
-ex. estradiol, progesterone, testosterone
steroid hormone pathway - ANS--enzymes interconvert them
-cortisol is a stress marker
-aldosterone controls sodium and water levels
estrogen hormones - ANS-estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3)
, estrogen prefixes - ANS--xeno (not native)
-phyto (made by plants)
-myco (made by fungi)
progesterone hormones - ANS--progesterone (only natural one)
-progestogen (class of steroid hormone that binds to the receptor, similar to "xeno")
-progestin (synthetic steroid derivative, birth control)
testosterone hormones - ANS--testosterone
-androgens (control male development & maintenance)
-anabolic steroids (androgens, promotes muscle development)
eicosanoid - ANS--derived from arachidonic acid (polyunsaturated FA)
-vasoconstriction & dilation)
-production & interconversion is regulated by enzymes
-ex. prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha), NSAIDS
arachidonic pathway - ANS--linked to non-reproductive processes (immune function,
clotting, and vascular control)
amine hormones - ANS--derived from AAs (tryptophan and tyrosine)
-byproduct
-tiny
-chemically universal (no bio variance)
-ex. melatonin
grouping receptor by type - ANS--receptors are proteins
-whether hormone binds extracellularly or intracellularly
-abundance & fit matters
-group 1 & 2
group 1 hormone action - ANS--hormones can cross cell and nuclear membrane &
interact with receptors in nucleus
-alter gene expression directly
-steroid hormones
-travel through blood w/ conj. protein that makes them more hydrophilic
-prolonged but slow to start effect
group 2 hormone action - ANS--hormones bind to cell surface receptors
-binding of the receptor induces a signal cascade
