ANSC 333: Exam 1
Testes - ANS--produce billions of gametes in a day
-a very stark difference between males and females. (Males better in this instance)
-production of sperm requires them to be 4-6*C cooler than the rest of the body.
-held by spermatic cord
Thermoregulation - ANS--control of temperature in the male testes
-all species require
Epididymis - ANS--sperm are waiting and stored here waiting to be ejaculated
-smooth muscle contractions causes ejaculation when temperature is right and the time
is right
Accessory Sex Glands - ANS--job is to add components to the sperm to protect it
Delivery System - ANS--penis
Testicular Artery - ANS--runs through the testes
-takes blood to the organ
-only 1
Artery vs. Veins - ANS--Artery: take blood to an organ (only 1)
-Veins: take blood from and organ (multiple)
Veins of Pampiniform Plexus (just simple terms) - ANS--one of the key things for
thermoregulation
-multiple
Ductus Deferens - ANS--same as Vas Deferens
-lines the scrotum (internally).
-Smooth muscle.
-Responsible for LONG term sustained contractions
Cremaster Muscle - ANS--coming from the abdomen
-suspending the testicles from the body
-striated muscle
-SHORT term sustained contraction during fight or flight
, Visceral Vaginal and Parietal Vaginal Tunic - ANS--formed as the testes migrate down
during development
-very slippery
-freedom of movement is because they are right next to each other
Thermoregulation of Testes - ANS-1. Pampiniform Plexus
2. Dartos Muscle
3. Thermosensitive neurons (sweat glands)
4. Thermosensitice neurons (panting)
Pampiniform Plexus (thermoregulation) - ANS--made up of veinS and an artery
-the veins cool the artery. The blood coming from the body is warm (39*C)
-Since the testicles are an exposed extremity the blood naturally starts to cool
-the artery is wrapped intimately with the veins
-heat transfers from the warm artery blood to the cool vein blood
-so, before the blood ever reaches the testes the heat transfers to the vein blood and
the warm vein blood exits the scrotum.
Dartos Muscle - ANS--contracts the testes closer or farther from the body based on the
outside temperature
Thermo sensitive neurons (panting) - ANS--sends signals to the brain telling the
respiratory system to start panting.
-indirectly cools the testicles.
-cools off the blood in the rest of the body.
Thermo sensitive neurons (sweating) - ANS--sends signals to the brain to tell the
scrotum to start sweating.
-the scrotal skin contains more sweat glands than other party of the body
-evaporative cooling
-all works together to keep the testicles cool
Testicular Descent - ANS--in fetal life, the testes fused to the gubernaculum which is
attached to the inguinal ring.
-the gubernaculum starts to grow and pull the testes through the inguinal ring
Unilateral Cryptorchid - ANS-One testis retained in body cavity. Usually fertile.
Bilateral Cryptorchid - ANS--both testicles are retained and do not descend into the
scrotum
Testes - ANS--produce billions of gametes in a day
-a very stark difference between males and females. (Males better in this instance)
-production of sperm requires them to be 4-6*C cooler than the rest of the body.
-held by spermatic cord
Thermoregulation - ANS--control of temperature in the male testes
-all species require
Epididymis - ANS--sperm are waiting and stored here waiting to be ejaculated
-smooth muscle contractions causes ejaculation when temperature is right and the time
is right
Accessory Sex Glands - ANS--job is to add components to the sperm to protect it
Delivery System - ANS--penis
Testicular Artery - ANS--runs through the testes
-takes blood to the organ
-only 1
Artery vs. Veins - ANS--Artery: take blood to an organ (only 1)
-Veins: take blood from and organ (multiple)
Veins of Pampiniform Plexus (just simple terms) - ANS--one of the key things for
thermoregulation
-multiple
Ductus Deferens - ANS--same as Vas Deferens
-lines the scrotum (internally).
-Smooth muscle.
-Responsible for LONG term sustained contractions
Cremaster Muscle - ANS--coming from the abdomen
-suspending the testicles from the body
-striated muscle
-SHORT term sustained contraction during fight or flight
, Visceral Vaginal and Parietal Vaginal Tunic - ANS--formed as the testes migrate down
during development
-very slippery
-freedom of movement is because they are right next to each other
Thermoregulation of Testes - ANS-1. Pampiniform Plexus
2. Dartos Muscle
3. Thermosensitive neurons (sweat glands)
4. Thermosensitice neurons (panting)
Pampiniform Plexus (thermoregulation) - ANS--made up of veinS and an artery
-the veins cool the artery. The blood coming from the body is warm (39*C)
-Since the testicles are an exposed extremity the blood naturally starts to cool
-the artery is wrapped intimately with the veins
-heat transfers from the warm artery blood to the cool vein blood
-so, before the blood ever reaches the testes the heat transfers to the vein blood and
the warm vein blood exits the scrotum.
Dartos Muscle - ANS--contracts the testes closer or farther from the body based on the
outside temperature
Thermo sensitive neurons (panting) - ANS--sends signals to the brain telling the
respiratory system to start panting.
-indirectly cools the testicles.
-cools off the blood in the rest of the body.
Thermo sensitive neurons (sweating) - ANS--sends signals to the brain to tell the
scrotum to start sweating.
-the scrotal skin contains more sweat glands than other party of the body
-evaporative cooling
-all works together to keep the testicles cool
Testicular Descent - ANS--in fetal life, the testes fused to the gubernaculum which is
attached to the inguinal ring.
-the gubernaculum starts to grow and pull the testes through the inguinal ring
Unilateral Cryptorchid - ANS-One testis retained in body cavity. Usually fertile.
Bilateral Cryptorchid - ANS--both testicles are retained and do not descend into the
scrotum
