ANT (421) Exam #1
What is the axial skeleton? - ANS-center line of skeleton (ribcage, skull, spine, etc.)
What is the appendicular skeleton? - ANS-limbs (arms, shoulders, legs, pelvic girdle,
etc.)
What is the cranial skeleton? - ANS-skull
What is the post cranial skeleton? - ANS-everything beyond your skull
Define epiphysis - ANS-ends of long bones
Define diaphysis - ANS-shaft of a long bone
Define metaphysis - ANS-the narrow portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and
the diaphysis
Explain primary v. secondary centers of ossification - ANS-one shows up before birth,
one shows up after birth
What is an endosteal surface? - ANS-between marrow and bone itself
What is the Standard Anatomical Position (SAP)? - ANS-standing straight with palms
facing forward
Define saggital - ANS-divides body into right and left halves
Define coronal - ANS-divides body into anterior and posterior halves
Define transverse - ANS-horizontal cut anywhere that is perpendicular to saggital and
coronal planes
Define anterior - ANS-towards the front
Define posterior - ANS-towards the back
What is a fibrous joint? - ANS-immovable joint
, What is a cartilaginous joint? - ANS-bones held together by cartilage
What is a synovial joint? - ANS-freely moveable joint
Define cortical bone - ANS-the dense outer ivory-like layer of bone that provides an
exterior shell over trabecular bone
Define cancellous bone - ANS-spongy structure inside flat and long bones
Define subchondral bone - ANS-bone at a joint surface near where cartilage is, is extra
smooth, vascular canals to nourish cartilage
Define periosteum - ANS-tough, thin vascularized membrane that covers the outer
surface of bones
Define endosteum - ANS-mostly cellular membrane that lines medullar cavity
What is the difference between compact and cancellous bone? - ANS-one is bony
tissue surrounded by blood vessels and marrow, one is blood vessels
Define osteon - ANS-basic unit of adult compact bone
Define Haversian canal system - ANS-network of vascular canals that supplies the
nerves and blood vessels to bone, longitudinal, pass through an osteon
Define Volkmann's canal - ANS-transverse orientation
Define canaliculi - ANS-supply osteocytes with nutrients from central canal
Define lacuna - ANS-cavities in lamellae where osteocytes are located
Define osteocyte - ANS-bone maintenance cells
Define osteoblasts - ANS-bone forming cells
Define osteogenic cells - ANS-develops into an osteoblasts
Define osteoclast - ANS-bone resorption cells
What is week 1 of embryonic phase? - ANS-fertilization
What is the axial skeleton? - ANS-center line of skeleton (ribcage, skull, spine, etc.)
What is the appendicular skeleton? - ANS-limbs (arms, shoulders, legs, pelvic girdle,
etc.)
What is the cranial skeleton? - ANS-skull
What is the post cranial skeleton? - ANS-everything beyond your skull
Define epiphysis - ANS-ends of long bones
Define diaphysis - ANS-shaft of a long bone
Define metaphysis - ANS-the narrow portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and
the diaphysis
Explain primary v. secondary centers of ossification - ANS-one shows up before birth,
one shows up after birth
What is an endosteal surface? - ANS-between marrow and bone itself
What is the Standard Anatomical Position (SAP)? - ANS-standing straight with palms
facing forward
Define saggital - ANS-divides body into right and left halves
Define coronal - ANS-divides body into anterior and posterior halves
Define transverse - ANS-horizontal cut anywhere that is perpendicular to saggital and
coronal planes
Define anterior - ANS-towards the front
Define posterior - ANS-towards the back
What is a fibrous joint? - ANS-immovable joint
, What is a cartilaginous joint? - ANS-bones held together by cartilage
What is a synovial joint? - ANS-freely moveable joint
Define cortical bone - ANS-the dense outer ivory-like layer of bone that provides an
exterior shell over trabecular bone
Define cancellous bone - ANS-spongy structure inside flat and long bones
Define subchondral bone - ANS-bone at a joint surface near where cartilage is, is extra
smooth, vascular canals to nourish cartilage
Define periosteum - ANS-tough, thin vascularized membrane that covers the outer
surface of bones
Define endosteum - ANS-mostly cellular membrane that lines medullar cavity
What is the difference between compact and cancellous bone? - ANS-one is bony
tissue surrounded by blood vessels and marrow, one is blood vessels
Define osteon - ANS-basic unit of adult compact bone
Define Haversian canal system - ANS-network of vascular canals that supplies the
nerves and blood vessels to bone, longitudinal, pass through an osteon
Define Volkmann's canal - ANS-transverse orientation
Define canaliculi - ANS-supply osteocytes with nutrients from central canal
Define lacuna - ANS-cavities in lamellae where osteocytes are located
Define osteocyte - ANS-bone maintenance cells
Define osteoblasts - ANS-bone forming cells
Define osteogenic cells - ANS-develops into an osteoblasts
Define osteoclast - ANS-bone resorption cells
What is week 1 of embryonic phase? - ANS-fertilization
