ARCH 249 (Exam #1)
Paleolithic Period - ANS-Old Stone Age
+35,000-9,000 BCE
hunter-gatherers societies
small family groups and clans
seasonal habitation (huts/tents/caves)
Neolithic Period - ANS-New Stone Age
9,000-3,000 BCE
agriculture -> domestication of animals
settled village life
mudbrick/sun-dried brick - ANS-material used for walls (adobe) in Catal Huyuk, Turkey
- cool in summer, hot in winter
intramural burial - ANS-(in the walls)
family members
used for several generations in Catal Huyuk, Turkey
= symbolic concern for ancestors/memory/legitimacy?
megalithic - ANS-large stones or boulders used in prehistoric architecture (memorial)
Newgrange, Ireland
corbeling - ANS-to cap with one stone (locked together)
primitive way of creating arched domes (ceiling) in Newgrange, Ireland
- masonry that projects slightly from a wall and serves as a support
post-and-lintel - ANS-think of Stonehenge - 2 posts or vertical elements with 1
horizontal element
= structural load in COMPRESSION
mortise-and-tenon - ANS-a rectangle opening, or socket, prepared to receive a usually
wooden knob or tongue inserted into it (kind of like lego pieces coming together)
(originated in wood working and went to stone)
- Stonehenge, England
altar - ANS-...
, Apadana - ANS-royal audience hall
baked brick (kiln-baked or kilnfired) - ANS-mudbrick is reinforced with this outer layer
set in bitumen
bastion - ANS-...
Battered walls - ANS-the ziggurat has these kinds of walls that lean inward
bitumen - ANS-baked brick is set in this for reinforcement of mudbrick
it's 2.4 m thick
buttress - ANS-walls of the ziggurat are this for better support (or for aesthetic reasons)
citadel - ANS-a fortress, usu. on high ground, protecting or dominating the city
composite creature - ANS-human-headed winged bulls
ex. the lamassu
Fertile Crescent - ANS-...
glazed brick - ANS-...
Hall of Hundred Columns - ANS-...
Hypostyle hall - ANS-a large hall composed of many columns placed close together to
support the roof
lamassu - ANS-"composite creature"
- human-headed winged bulls that guard the city gates
mould-made brick - ANS-divine creatures, such as a lion and dragon, at Ishtar Gate are
made of this -- fired and glazed
Persia - ANS-...
relief sculpture - ANS-...
State-level society - ANS-...
Paleolithic Period - ANS-Old Stone Age
+35,000-9,000 BCE
hunter-gatherers societies
small family groups and clans
seasonal habitation (huts/tents/caves)
Neolithic Period - ANS-New Stone Age
9,000-3,000 BCE
agriculture -> domestication of animals
settled village life
mudbrick/sun-dried brick - ANS-material used for walls (adobe) in Catal Huyuk, Turkey
- cool in summer, hot in winter
intramural burial - ANS-(in the walls)
family members
used for several generations in Catal Huyuk, Turkey
= symbolic concern for ancestors/memory/legitimacy?
megalithic - ANS-large stones or boulders used in prehistoric architecture (memorial)
Newgrange, Ireland
corbeling - ANS-to cap with one stone (locked together)
primitive way of creating arched domes (ceiling) in Newgrange, Ireland
- masonry that projects slightly from a wall and serves as a support
post-and-lintel - ANS-think of Stonehenge - 2 posts or vertical elements with 1
horizontal element
= structural load in COMPRESSION
mortise-and-tenon - ANS-a rectangle opening, or socket, prepared to receive a usually
wooden knob or tongue inserted into it (kind of like lego pieces coming together)
(originated in wood working and went to stone)
- Stonehenge, England
altar - ANS-...
, Apadana - ANS-royal audience hall
baked brick (kiln-baked or kilnfired) - ANS-mudbrick is reinforced with this outer layer
set in bitumen
bastion - ANS-...
Battered walls - ANS-the ziggurat has these kinds of walls that lean inward
bitumen - ANS-baked brick is set in this for reinforcement of mudbrick
it's 2.4 m thick
buttress - ANS-walls of the ziggurat are this for better support (or for aesthetic reasons)
citadel - ANS-a fortress, usu. on high ground, protecting or dominating the city
composite creature - ANS-human-headed winged bulls
ex. the lamassu
Fertile Crescent - ANS-...
glazed brick - ANS-...
Hall of Hundred Columns - ANS-...
Hypostyle hall - ANS-a large hall composed of many columns placed close together to
support the roof
lamassu - ANS-"composite creature"
- human-headed winged bulls that guard the city gates
mould-made brick - ANS-divine creatures, such as a lion and dragon, at Ishtar Gate are
made of this -- fired and glazed
Persia - ANS-...
relief sculpture - ANS-...
State-level society - ANS-...
