CSEP-CPT Exam
Cardiac Output - ANS-The amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory
system in a minute. The amount of blood put out by the left ventricle of the heart in one
contraction is called the stroke volume. The stroke volume and the heart rate determine
this.
- typically about 5L/min at rest
- will be higher if physically fit (max of 40L/min)
- for unfit, 14-20L/min max
Stroke Volume - ANS-Refers to the volume of blood that is pumped by the heart with
each contraction
- during PA, it will increase until intensity reaches ~50% of VO2 max, then HR will
increase the cardiac output
- for physically fit people, SV is likely to be higher and RHR likely to be lower
Blood Pressure - ANS-Refers to the pressure blood exerts on walls of blood vessels,
and reflects efficiency of blood flow through the CV system
- systolic: heart contracting
- diastolic: heart relaxing
120/80 is normal
144/94 max safe ranges
normal BP for healthy, active adult is 110/70
- during PA, systolic will rise slightly and diastolic will remain roughly the same
Heart Rate - ANS-number of heart beats/minute
- RHR average 60-80bpm
- higher RHR for women
- lower RHR with age
Normal Responses to short-term, light-mod Aerobic Exercise - ANS-CO: Increases
rapidly;
plateaus at steady
state within 2 min
SV: Increases rapidly;
plateaus at steady
state within 2 min
HR: Increases rapidly;
plateaus at steady
,state within 2 min
SBP: Increases rapidly;
plateaus at steady
state within 2 min
DBP: shows little or no change
Normal Response to Long-Term,
Light to Moderate to Heavy
Submaximal Exercise - ANS-CO: increases rapidly; plateaus
SV: increases rapidly; plateaus; negative drift
HR: increases rapidly; plateaus; positive drift
SBP: increases rapidly; plateaus; slight negative drift
DBP: shows little or no change
Normal Response to Incremental Aerobic Exercise to Maximum - ANS-CO: rectilinear
increase with plateau at max
SV: increases initially;plateaus at 40-50% vo2 max
HR: rectilinear increase with plateau at max
SBP: rectilinear increase with plateau at max
DBP: shows little or no change
Normal Response to Static Exercise - ANS-CO: modest gradual increase
SV: Relatively constant at low workloads; decreases at high workloads; rebound rise in
recovery
HR: modest gradual increase
SBP: marked steady increase
DBP: marked steady increase
Normal Response to Resistance Exercise - ANS-CO: Modest gradual increase
SV: Little change, slight decrease
HR: Increases gradually with numbers of reps
SBP: Increases gradually with numbers of rep
DBP: no change or increase
Cardio respiratory Response to Acute Exercise - ANS-HR anticipatory response - HR
increases at the beginning of exercise
increased cardiac output
redistribution of blood to working muscles and heart
increased blood pressure
vasoconstriction to smooth muscles
, vasodilation to skeletal muscles
Cardio Respiratory Response to Chronic Exercise - ANS-- decrease in RHR
- decrease in SV at rest
- improved circulation
- BP decrease by up to 10mmHg
- increased blood volume
Anaerobic (Alactic) Energy System - ANS-Fuels: ATP & CP
Time Frame: 0-15s
By-Products: ADP, Cr + Pi (creatine + inorganic phosphate)
Activity Examples: 100m sprint, jumping, agility, weight lifting
Anaerobic (Lactic) Energy System - ANS-Fuels: CHO 'incomplete breakdown'
Time Frame: 15-120s
By-Products: lactic acid, 2 ATP/ mol CHO
Activity Examples: 200m (power), 800m (endurance), resistance training
Aerobic Energy System - ANS-Fuels: CHO, fats, protein (<5%) "complete breakdown"
Time Frame: 120s - several hours
By-Products: CO2, water, heat, 36 ATP/mol CHO (net)
Activity Examples: distance running, 1500m (power), marathon (endurance or capacity)
Most Valid and Direct measure of VO2 Max - ANS-For aerobic fitness the gold standard
test is considered to be a direct measurement of a client's maximal oxygen consumption
(VO2 max). This test is performed in a lab where the actual amount of oxygen and
carbon dioxide breathed in and out during maximal exercise can be measured as it is
breathed into a bag or tank. As this test directly measures the maximal amount of
oxygen used this is considered a very valid test to measure aerobic capacity.
Absolute VO2 Max - ANS-does not consider a person's weight
Relative VO2 Max - ANS-considers a person's weight
Muscular Strength - ANS-refers to the amount of force a muscle can produce with a
single maximal effort.
Muscular Endurance - ANS-the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to repeatedly
exert force against resistance
Cardiac Output - ANS-The amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory
system in a minute. The amount of blood put out by the left ventricle of the heart in one
contraction is called the stroke volume. The stroke volume and the heart rate determine
this.
- typically about 5L/min at rest
- will be higher if physically fit (max of 40L/min)
- for unfit, 14-20L/min max
Stroke Volume - ANS-Refers to the volume of blood that is pumped by the heart with
each contraction
- during PA, it will increase until intensity reaches ~50% of VO2 max, then HR will
increase the cardiac output
- for physically fit people, SV is likely to be higher and RHR likely to be lower
Blood Pressure - ANS-Refers to the pressure blood exerts on walls of blood vessels,
and reflects efficiency of blood flow through the CV system
- systolic: heart contracting
- diastolic: heart relaxing
120/80 is normal
144/94 max safe ranges
normal BP for healthy, active adult is 110/70
- during PA, systolic will rise slightly and diastolic will remain roughly the same
Heart Rate - ANS-number of heart beats/minute
- RHR average 60-80bpm
- higher RHR for women
- lower RHR with age
Normal Responses to short-term, light-mod Aerobic Exercise - ANS-CO: Increases
rapidly;
plateaus at steady
state within 2 min
SV: Increases rapidly;
plateaus at steady
state within 2 min
HR: Increases rapidly;
plateaus at steady
,state within 2 min
SBP: Increases rapidly;
plateaus at steady
state within 2 min
DBP: shows little or no change
Normal Response to Long-Term,
Light to Moderate to Heavy
Submaximal Exercise - ANS-CO: increases rapidly; plateaus
SV: increases rapidly; plateaus; negative drift
HR: increases rapidly; plateaus; positive drift
SBP: increases rapidly; plateaus; slight negative drift
DBP: shows little or no change
Normal Response to Incremental Aerobic Exercise to Maximum - ANS-CO: rectilinear
increase with plateau at max
SV: increases initially;plateaus at 40-50% vo2 max
HR: rectilinear increase with plateau at max
SBP: rectilinear increase with plateau at max
DBP: shows little or no change
Normal Response to Static Exercise - ANS-CO: modest gradual increase
SV: Relatively constant at low workloads; decreases at high workloads; rebound rise in
recovery
HR: modest gradual increase
SBP: marked steady increase
DBP: marked steady increase
Normal Response to Resistance Exercise - ANS-CO: Modest gradual increase
SV: Little change, slight decrease
HR: Increases gradually with numbers of reps
SBP: Increases gradually with numbers of rep
DBP: no change or increase
Cardio respiratory Response to Acute Exercise - ANS-HR anticipatory response - HR
increases at the beginning of exercise
increased cardiac output
redistribution of blood to working muscles and heart
increased blood pressure
vasoconstriction to smooth muscles
, vasodilation to skeletal muscles
Cardio Respiratory Response to Chronic Exercise - ANS-- decrease in RHR
- decrease in SV at rest
- improved circulation
- BP decrease by up to 10mmHg
- increased blood volume
Anaerobic (Alactic) Energy System - ANS-Fuels: ATP & CP
Time Frame: 0-15s
By-Products: ADP, Cr + Pi (creatine + inorganic phosphate)
Activity Examples: 100m sprint, jumping, agility, weight lifting
Anaerobic (Lactic) Energy System - ANS-Fuels: CHO 'incomplete breakdown'
Time Frame: 15-120s
By-Products: lactic acid, 2 ATP/ mol CHO
Activity Examples: 200m (power), 800m (endurance), resistance training
Aerobic Energy System - ANS-Fuels: CHO, fats, protein (<5%) "complete breakdown"
Time Frame: 120s - several hours
By-Products: CO2, water, heat, 36 ATP/mol CHO (net)
Activity Examples: distance running, 1500m (power), marathon (endurance or capacity)
Most Valid and Direct measure of VO2 Max - ANS-For aerobic fitness the gold standard
test is considered to be a direct measurement of a client's maximal oxygen consumption
(VO2 max). This test is performed in a lab where the actual amount of oxygen and
carbon dioxide breathed in and out during maximal exercise can be measured as it is
breathed into a bag or tank. As this test directly measures the maximal amount of
oxygen used this is considered a very valid test to measure aerobic capacity.
Absolute VO2 Max - ANS-does not consider a person's weight
Relative VO2 Max - ANS-considers a person's weight
Muscular Strength - ANS-refers to the amount of force a muscle can produce with a
single maximal effort.
Muscular Endurance - ANS-the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to repeatedly
exert force against resistance
