Pharmacology HESI Exam Test Bank 2024 Questions and Answers, Rated A+

Pharmacological Considerations for Specific Medications Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) in Liver Transplant Patients • Hand Tremors: Patients should be encouraged to report hand tremors, as they are a common adverse effect of cyclosporine. • Neurological Complications: Prompt reporting of neurological issues like hand tremors is important. • Urine Color: Changes in urine color are not typically associated with cyclosporine. • Nausea and Vomiting: These are common but generally mild side effects of cyclosporine. Antidiarrheal Agents and Aspirin Interaction • Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol): Avoid use with high-dose aspirin due to the risk of salicylate toxicity. • Lower Interaction Risks: Loperamide (Imodium), Probanthine (Propantheline), and Diphenoxylate hydrochloride with atropine (Lomotil) have a lower risk of interaction with aspirin. • Drug Interactions: Understanding interactions is essential for safe medication administration. • Management of Medication Side Effects and Interactions • Alleviating Nausea with Albuterol (Proventil) Tablets • Administer the dose with a snack to minimize gastrointestinal discomfort. • Changing the dose time should align with meal times to maintain effectiveness. • Holding a dose can disrupt the dosing schedule and affect therapeutic levels. • Consider antiemetics only after other interventions have been ineffective. • Identifying Risks in Digoxin Therapy for Supraventricular Tachycardia • Hypokalemia poses the greatest risk for dysrhythmias in clients receiving digoxin. • Monitoring electrolyte levels is essential for clients on digoxin therapy. • Understanding the impact of electrolyte imbalances on cardiac function is crucial. • Regular monitoring and prompt reporting of adverse effects are vital in digoxin therapy. • Management of Medication Side Effects • Headache Management with Imdur • Administer 60 mg dose of Imdur and a PRN dose of acetaminophen (Tylenol). • Imdur causes vasodilation leading to headaches. • Acetaminophen helps control headaches until tolerance develops. • Holding the dose or administering a lower dose may lead to angina if therapeutic levels are not maintained. • Serious Adverse Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Blockers • Wheezing, hypotension, and AV block are serious adverse effects. • AV block associated with bradycardia can decrease cardiac output. • Wheezing and hypotension are life-threatening respiratory and cardiac issues. • Other symptoms like headache, hypertension, and blurred vision are not linked to beta-blockers. • Client Assessment and Medication Contraindications • Assessment of Naloxone Effectiveness • Normal respiratory rate indicates effective naloxone action. • Naloxone reverses respiratory depression from opiate overdose. • Statements on chest pain, seizure activity, or pupil constriction are not relevant indicators. • Contraindicated Medication for Myxedema • Avoid Pentobarbital sodium due to hypersensitivity in myxedema. • Clients with myxedema are sensitive to narcotics, barbiturates, and anesthetics. • Nitroglycerin for angina and furosemide for fluid retention are suitable for myxedema. • Nursing Actions and Client Education • Administering Medications Safely • Administer both morphine sulfate and ketorlac as prescribed. • Concurrent administration may produce additive analgesic effects. • Holding either medication may not be necessary to prevent interactions. • Client Teaching on Medication Use • Use contraception during intercourse when taking Cytotec with ibuprofen. • Cytotec can cause abortion and is contraindicated in pregnancy. • Other instructions like taking Cytotec on an empty stomach are less critical. • Drug Administration and Client Monitoring • Dosing Schedule for Procainamide • Administer procainamide q4h in divided doses over 24 hours. • Regular dosing helps maintain therapeutic levels for dysrhythmia. • Other dosing schedules like QID or AC and bedtime are less suitable. • Urine Output Monitoring with Dopamine Infusion • Notify the healthcare provider of low urinary output during dopamine infusion. • Changes in urinary output may indicate renal or circulatory issues. • Stopping dopamine or changing saline rate may not address the underlying problem. • Pharmacological Effects and Side Effects