A&P 2 Blood Test Review Questions With Complete Solutions.

A&P 2 Blood Test Review Questions With Complete Solutions. what hare hthe hmajor hcomponents hof hthe hblood? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Plasma hand hformed helements What hare hthe hformed helements? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Erythrocytes, hred hbood hcells Leukocytes, hwhite hblood hcells Platelets, hfor hclotting What hare hthe hthree hbasic hfunctions hof hblood hand han hexplanation hof heach? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.1) hDistribution: hblood htransports hoxygen hfro hmteh hlungs hand hnutrients hfro hmthe hdigestive htract, hmetabolic hwastes hfrom hcells hto hthe hlungs hand hkidneys hfor helimination, hand hhormones hfrom hendocrine hglands hto htarget horgans. 2) hRegulation: hBlood hmaintains happropriate hbody htemperature hby habsorbing hand hdistributing hheat, hnormal hpH hin hbody htissues husing hbuffer hsystems, hand hadequate hfluid hvolume hin hthe hcirculatory hsystem. 3) hProtection:L hBlood hprotects hagainst hblood hloss hby hactivating hplasma hproteins hand hplatelets, hinitiating hclot hformation hwhen ha hvessel his hbroken hand hprevents hinfection hby hsynthesizing hand hutilizing hantibodies, hactivating hcomplement hproteins, hand hactivating hWBC's hto hdefend hthe hbody hagainst hforeign hinvaders. What hare hthe hfive hgeneral hcomponents hof hblood hplasma? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.1) hproteins 2) hnonprotein hnitrogenous hsubstances 3) horganic hnutrients 4) helectrolytes 5) hrespiratory hgases What his hthe hpH hof hblood? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.7.35-7.45 What hare herythrocytes hand hhow hdo htheir hstructural hcharacteristics hcontribute hto htheir hfunction? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Erythrocytes hare hred hblood hcells. hThey hare hbiconcave hdiscs, hanucleate hand hhave hessentially hno horganelles. hThey hare hfilled hwith hhemoglobion, ha hprotein hthat hfunctins hin hgas htransport. hGas htransport his hassisted hby hthe hbiconcave hshape: hhuge hsurface harea hrelative hto hvolume hand hdiscounting hwater hcontent h- hthey hare hmore hthan h97% hhemoglobin. hHemoglobin hreversibly hbinds hwith hoxygen hand hmost hoxygen hin hthe hblood his hbound hto hhemoglobin. What his hthe hfunction hof herythrocytes? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Respiratory hgas htransport hvia hhemoglobin. What his hhemoglobin hmade hof hand hwhat hcan hit htransport? h- h h h hcorrect hprotein hglobin, hwhich his hmade hup hof htwo halpha hand htwo hbeta hchains, heach hbound hto ha hheme hgroup. hEach hheme hgroup hbears han hatom hof hiron. hEach hatom hof hiron hcan hbind hto hone hoxygen hmolecule, htherefore heach hhemoglobin hmolecule hcan htransport hfour hmolecules hof hoxygen. What hare hthe hdifferent htypes hof hhemoglobin hand hhow hare hthey hdifferent? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.1) hOxyhemoglobin: hhemoglobin hbound hto hoxygen. hOxygen hloading htakes hplace hin hthe hlungs. 2) hDeoxyhemoglobin: hhemoglobin hafter hoxygen hdiffuses hinto htissues h(reduced hHb) 3) hCarbaminohemoglobin: hhemoglobin hbound hto hcarbon hdioxide. hCarbon hdioxide hloading htakes hplace hin hthe htissues. Too hmuch hcarbon hdioxide hin hthe hbody his hcalled? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Alkalosis h- halkaline henvironment Carbonic hacid hin hthe hblood his hcalled? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Acidocis h- hacid henvironment HCO3 his ha? h- h h h hcorrect hbase hwhich hworks has ha hbuffer hto hcontrol hacid hin hthe hblood What his hthe hwhite hlayer hin hthe hhemocrit hcalled? h- h h h hcorrect hcoat. hIt his hthe hwhite hblood hcell hlayer What his hhematopoiesis hand hwhere hdoes hit hoccur? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Blood hcell hformation. hOccurs hin hthe hred hblood hmarrow h- hin hthe htip hof hthe hfemur hand htop hof hthe hhumorus. What his ha hhemocytoblast? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Stem hcell hthat hgives hrise hto hall hformed helements. hThey hgo hthrough hintermediary hphases hincluding hejection hof hthe hnucleus hin hthe hformation hof hreticulocytes. What hare hreticulocytes? h- h h h hcorrect , himmature hred hblood hcells hformed hthrough herythropoiesis hthat hstill hhas ha hscant hreticulum hof hclumped hribosomes.. hThe hnumber hof hreticulocytes hprovides hinformation habout hthe hrate hof hRBC hformation. What hdoes htoo hfew hor htoo hmany herythrocytes hmean? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Too hfew: hleads hto htissue hhypoxia. hCan hbe hcaused hby hblood hloss, hexcessive hRBC hdestruction hand hbone hmarrow hfailure. Too hmany: hcauses hundesirable hblood hviscosity, hcausing hit hto hflow hslowly.Can hbe hcaused hby hbone hmarrow hcancer hor hliving hat hhigh haltitudes. What his hthe hhemocrit hratio? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.The hpercentage hof hRBC's hcompared hto hthe hentire hvolume. How hdo hmale hand hfemale hhemocrit hratios hdiffer? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Males hhave ha hhigher hratio: h47 Females hhave ha hlower hratio: h42 What hare hthe hdietary hrequirements hfor herythropoiesis? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Requires hadequate hsupplu hof hproteins, hlipids, hcarbohydrates, hiron, hvitamin hB12 hand hfolic hacid. hIron his hstored hin hthe hliver, hspleen hand hbone hmarrow. hCirculating hiron his hbound hto htransferrin. What horgan his herythropoiesis hcontrolled hby? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.The hkidneys. What hhappens hto hold hRBC's? h- h h h hcorrect h100-120 hdays hthey hbecome hrigid hand hfragile hand hhemoglobin hdegenerates. hThey hare hengulffed hby hmacrophages hand hbroken hdown hin hthe hspleen: membranes hrupture iron his hpicked hup hby hplasma hprotein hcalled htransferrin hand htransported hback hto hbone hmarrow globin hchains hare hconverted hinto ha hyellow hpigment hcalled hbilirubin hand hthe hliver hsecretes hbilirubin hinto hthe hintestines has hbile h(gives hfeces hbrown hcolor) What his hhypoxia? h- h h h hcorrect hoxygen hdue hto hdecreased hRBC's What hstimulates hRBC hproduction? h- h h h hcorrect ia kidney hhormone How hlong hdo hRBC's hlive? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.100-120 hdays What his hanemia? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Abnormally hlow hoxygen-carrying hcapacity hof hblood. hIs ha hSYMPTOM, hnot ha hdisease. hBlood hoxygen hlevels hcannot hsupport hnormal hmetabolism. What hare htypes hof hanemia hthat hoccur hwhen hthere his hinsufficient hnumber hof herythrocytes? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.1) hHemorrhagic hanemia: hresult hof hacute hor hchronic hloss hof hblood 2) hHemolytic hanemia: hprematurely hruptured herythrocytes h- hoften hcaused hby hfever 3) hAplastic hanemia: hdestruction hor hinhibition hof hred hbone hmarrow h- hcan hbe hcaused hby hchemicals What htypes hof hanemia hoccur hwhen hthere his hinsufficient hhemoglobin hcontent? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.1) hIron hdeficiency hanemia: hresulting hfrom h- h a hsecondary hresult hof hhemorrhagic hanemia inadequate hintake hof hiron-containing hfoods impaired hiron habsorption 2) hPernicious hanemia: hresulting hfrom h- h deficiency hof hvitamin hB12 lack hof hintrinsic hfactor hneeded hfor habsorption hof hB12. hTreated hby hinjection hof hB12 hor happlication hof hNascobal What hare hcomplications hof hanemia? h- h h h hcorrect rohagic hanemia, hhemolytic hanemia, haplastic hanemia, hiron-deficiency hanemia hand hpernicious hanemia What his ha hnormal hhemoglobin hvalue? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.13-18 hgrams hper h100 hml hof hblood hin hadult hmales 12-16 hgrams hper h100 hml hof hblood hin hadult hfemales What his hsickle hcell hanemia? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Abnormal hhemoglobin hcalled hhemoglobin hS hresulting hfrom hdefective hgene hcoding. hHbs hhas ha hsingle hamino hacid hsubstitution hin hthe hbeta hchain, hwhich hcuases hRBC's hto hbecome hsickle hshaped hin hlow hoxygen hsituations What his hpolycythemia? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Excess hRBC's hthat hincrease hblood hviscosity, hhigh hhemocrit, hincreased hblood hvolume, hincreased hblood hpressure. What hare hleukocytes? h- h h h hcorrect hblood hcells. honly hblood hcomponents hthat hare hcomplete hcells.1% hof hblood. What his hleukocytosis? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.WBC hcount hover h11,000 hper hcubic hmillimeter. hCaused hby hbacterial hor hviral hinvasion. What his ha hgranulocyte? hName hthe hthree htypes. h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils They hcontain hcytoplasmic hgranules hthat hstain hspecifically hacidic, hbasic, hor hboth, hwith hWright's hstain. hLarger hand hshorter hlived hthan hRBC's. hPhagocytic hcells hwith hlobed hnuclei. What hare hthe hcharacteristics hand hfunctions hof hthe hneutrophil? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Most habundant hgranulocyte. h60-70% hof hall hWBC's. h Two htypes hof hgranules hthat htake hup hboth hacidic hand hbasic hdyes. h Cytoplasm hlilac hcolor. h 2-6 hlobed hnucleus hwith hfinely hdistributed hgranules hin hcytoplasm hcontaining hlysozymes hand hdefensis h- hantibiotic-like hproteins. h Phagocytic hfunction. h Lots hindicate hbacterial hinfection. hBACTERIAL hSLAYERS What hare hthe hfunctions hand hcharacteristics hof hthe heosinophil? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.2-4% hof hall hWBC's. h Have hred/orange hstaining. h Bilobed hnuclei hconnected hvia ha hbroad hband hof hnuclear hmaterial. h Red hto hcrimson, hacidophilic, hlarge, hcoarse, hlysosome-like hgranules. h Lead hbody's hcounterattack hagainst hparasitic hworms hand hlessen hseverity hof hallergies hby hphagocytizing himmune hcomplexes. h Lots hindicates hALLERGIC hREACTION hor hPARASITIC hWORM hINFECTION. What hare hthe hcharacteristics hand hfunctions hof hthe hbasophil? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.0.5-1% hof hall hWBC h- hfewest hof hgranulocytes. Have hU hor hS hshaped hbiolobed hnuclei h- htwo hor hthree hconspicuous hconstrictions. Functionally hsimilar hto hmast hcells h- hreleases hhistamines hthat henhance hallergic hreactions hand hinflammatory hresponses. Have hlarge hpurplish-black, hbasophilic hgranules hthat hcontain hhistamine. Also hproduce hheparin h- hanticoagulant hthat hremoves hfat hfrom hthe hblood What his hthe hdifference hbetween ha hgranular hand hagranular hleukocyte? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Agranular hlack hvisible hcytoplasmic hgranules. h Similar hstructure, hdifferent hfunction. Agranular hhave hspherical hor hkidney-shaped hnucleus. What hare hthe htypes hof hagranulocytes? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Lymphocytes Monocytes How hdo hnuclei hof hlymphocyte hand hmonocyte hdiffer? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Lymphocyte h= hlarge, hdark-purple, hcircular hnuclei Monocyte h= hpurple, hU hor hkidney hshaped hnuclei Describe ha hleukocyte, hthe htwo htypes hand htheir hgeneral hfunctions. h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Account hfor h20-25% hof hWBC's Found hmostly hin hlymphoid htissue T-cells h- hFunction hin hcell-mediated himmunity. hReact hto hbacterial, hviral, hfungal, hcancerous hand hforeign htissue hinfections hby hgoing hto hthe hsite hof hthe hinfection hand hbattling B-Cells h- hFunction hin hhumoral himmunity. hGive hrise hto hplasma hcells, hwhich hproduce hantibodies. hPrimarily hreact hto hbacterial hinfections hin hconction hwith hT-cells hto hproduce hantibodies. hB-cells hstay hin hthe hlymph. Describe ha hmonocyte, hwhat hit hdifferentiates hinto hand hwhat hthose hcells hdo. h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Account hfor h3-8% hof hWBC's Largest hleukocyte. Leave hthe hcirculation, henter htissue, hand hdifferentiate hinto hmacrophages. Macrophages hare hhighly hmobile hand hactively hphagocytic h- hwander hthrough htissues. Many hmacrophages hindicates hchronic hinfection. Phagocytize hso hmuch hbacteria hthat hthey hcan hcommit hsuicide hby hexploding, hproducing hpus What htype hof hcell hdoes ha hleukocyte hcome hfrom? h- h h h hcorrect hanswer.Hemocytoblasts. Hemocytoblasts hdifferentiate hinto hmyeloid hstem hcells hand hlymphoid hstem hcells: