Bio 139 KCTCS EXAM QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED A+ LATEST UPDATES

Bio 139 KCTCS EXAM QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED A+ LATEST UPDATES What are the three functions of RBC? - answers Transportation, Regulation, and Protection What do RBCs Transport? - answers Gases (Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide) Nutrients/Waste Hormone What do RBCs Regulate? - answers Body Temp Body pH Fluid Balance What do RBCs Protect against? - answers Bleeding/Trauma Infection/Invasion Describe separated blood - answers Hematocrit - answers the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood Normal hematocrit value - answers 42% - 47% Normal pH of Blood - answers 7.35-7.45 Adult blood volume - answers 5 liters Why does the color of blood vary - answers Oxygen Saturation What component of blood contributes the most to blood viscosity - answers Erythrocytes (RBC) The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called - answers Osmosis Plasma - answers 55% of blood What % of plasma is water? - answers 92% What % of plasma is protein? - answers 7% What % of plasma is other solutes? - answers 1% proteins in plasma - answers albumins 58% globulins 37% fibrinogen 4% regulatory proteins 1% solutes in blood plasma - answers -waste (urea & ammonia) -electrolytes (salts dissolved in solution) -organic nutrients (lipids, glucose, amino acids) -respiratory gases Erythrocytes - answers RBC NO Nucleus NO mitochondria or organelles Structure of RBC - answers Small and highly specialized discs Thin in middle and thicker at edge RBCs in whole blood - answers Main function of RBCs - answers Carry Oxygen Hemoglobin - answers An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen. How much iron is in a single heme group? - answers Each RBC contains how many hemoglobin molecules? - answers 280 million Each RBC can carry ___ O2 molecules. - answers Hemoglobin and carbon dioxide complex - answers What part of Hb does carbon dioxide bind to? - answers Globulin Molecule Hematopoiesis - answers blood cell formation Erythropoiesis - answers production of red blood cells Erythropoiesis steps - answers Hemocytoblast (stem cell) - *erythropoietin acts on stem cells* and makes - proerythroblast (committed cell) - basophilic erythroblast - polychromatic erythroblast - orthochromatic erythroblast (aka a *normoblast*)(*nucleus leaves here*) - reticulocyte - erythrocyte Organ responsible for stimulating RBC production - answers Kidney Erythropoietin (EPO) - answers hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow What causes EPO to be released? - answers Decrease in oxygen in blood Reticulocyte count - answers measurement of the number of circulating reticulocytes, immature erythrocytes in a blood specimen The lifespan of RBCs is approximately - answers 120 days What organ is the "RBC graveyard"? - answers Spleen Degradation of RBCs - answers Globin- becomes free amino acids Iron- binds to ferritin and hemosiderin Heme- becomes bilirubin Needed to make RBCs - answers aplastic anemia - answers failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow hemolytic anemia - answers reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction hemorrhagic anemia - answers blood loss iron deficiency anemia - answers anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells pernicious anemia - answers lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream sickle cell anemia - answers a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape polycythemia vera - answers condition characterized by too many erythrocytes; blood becomes too thick to flow easily through blood vessels secondary polycythemia - answers from dehydration, emphysema, high altitude, or physical conditioning- blood becomes too thick White blood cells - answers leukocytes contains Nucleus as well as organelles WBCs count - answers 4,000 - 11,000 per mm3 of blood Diapedesis - answers the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.