The Augustinian friar __________ started the Protestant Reformation in 1517 by posting his 95
Theses on door of a church in Wittenberg.
Martin Luther
In which city did John Calvin preach his vision of Protestantism?
Geneva
Where were the two branches of the Habsburg dynasty located?
Austria and Spain
Who began his translation of the Bible into his native tongue in 1521?
Luther
What is the name of the Italian Renaissance-style complex in Spain that contrasts with the Moorish
influence still prominent in Spanish architecture of the time?
El Escorial
The modern form of the essay is rooted in the short, meditative writings of _________.
Montaigne
Albrecht Dürer's Knight, Death, and the Devil is a famous example of which artistic medium?
engraving
Who painted the fantastical and enigmatic Garden of Earthly Delights?
Hieronymus Bosch
The Netherlandish artist _________ is known for his detailed paintings that combine a love of
landscape with slice-of-life subjects, and with occasional proverbs.
Bruegel
What is the term for a passage in a play spoken directly to the audience, unheard by other
characters?
soliloquy
_________ was Henry VIII's court painter and traveled to paint portraits of prospective brides for the
king.
Holbein
Which English composer's madrigals were notable for their lighthearted, pleasing qualities?
Morley
Which term refers to the members of the audience who stand in the pit at a dramatic event?
groundlings