BIOL2200 Exam Review | 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
Question 1. What is modern cell biology? - ✔✔An integrated discipline that includes cell culture,
microscopy, molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry.
Question 2. What is gene ontology? - ✔✔A major bioinformatics initiative to unify the representation of
gene and gene product (i.e. proteins and RNA) attributes. The project includes development of a
controlled vocabulary of a protein's attributes.
Question 3. What are the three domains of gene ontology? Briefly describe them. - ✔✔Cellular
component - the parts of a cell which the protein associates with i.e. where
Molecular function - the elemental activities of a protein at the molecular level, such as binding or
catalysis i.e. what
Biological process - operations or sets of molecular events with a defined beginning and end, pertinent
to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms.
Question 4. Name the key structural components of a prokaryotic cell. - ✔✔Outer membrane, Cell wall,
Periplasmic space, Inner membrane, Nucleoid
Question 5. Name the key structural components of a eukaryotic cell. - ✔✔Plasma membrane, Golgi
vesicles, Mitochondrion, Peroxisome, Lysosome, Secretory vesicle, Rough and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum, Nuclear membrane, Nucleus
Question 6. Why is subcellular localisation of proteins essential? - ✔✔Critical to understand function of
individual proteins. As proteins must be targeted to the appropriate compartment to ensure proper
function —> find out where that compartment is/what the proper function is.
Question 7. What is the central dogma of molecular biology? - ✔✔DNA to RNA to Protein
Question 8. What does gene expression dictate? - ✔✔Cell identity and function
, Question 9. What is a cell? - ✔✔Membrane-bound structure containing biomolecules
Structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms
Question 10. What are exons? - ✔✔Protein coding sequence
Question 11. What are introns? - ✔✔Non-coding sequence
Regulatory elements that get spliced out later
Question 12. What is a diploid organism? - ✔✔Two copies of every gene
Question 13. What is an allele? - ✔✔Different versions of same gene
Question 14. What is a polymorphism? - ✔✔Difference in DNA that occurs normally. Doesn't necessarily
change proteins.
Question 15. Describe the process of DNA transcription. - ✔✔1. Transcription, 5' capping
2. Cleavage at poly(A) site
3. Polyadenylation
3. RNA splicing
Genes typically have untranslated areas at 3' and 5' ends
Occurs in nucleus as mRNA has to be transported out of nucleus to be translated
Question 16. What is the most common start codon? - ✔✔ATG
Question 17. What is a cap? - ✔✔Important recognition site for proteins
Question 18. What is polyadenylation? - ✔✔Addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
Question 1. What is modern cell biology? - ✔✔An integrated discipline that includes cell culture,
microscopy, molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry.
Question 2. What is gene ontology? - ✔✔A major bioinformatics initiative to unify the representation of
gene and gene product (i.e. proteins and RNA) attributes. The project includes development of a
controlled vocabulary of a protein's attributes.
Question 3. What are the three domains of gene ontology? Briefly describe them. - ✔✔Cellular
component - the parts of a cell which the protein associates with i.e. where
Molecular function - the elemental activities of a protein at the molecular level, such as binding or
catalysis i.e. what
Biological process - operations or sets of molecular events with a defined beginning and end, pertinent
to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms.
Question 4. Name the key structural components of a prokaryotic cell. - ✔✔Outer membrane, Cell wall,
Periplasmic space, Inner membrane, Nucleoid
Question 5. Name the key structural components of a eukaryotic cell. - ✔✔Plasma membrane, Golgi
vesicles, Mitochondrion, Peroxisome, Lysosome, Secretory vesicle, Rough and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum, Nuclear membrane, Nucleus
Question 6. Why is subcellular localisation of proteins essential? - ✔✔Critical to understand function of
individual proteins. As proteins must be targeted to the appropriate compartment to ensure proper
function —> find out where that compartment is/what the proper function is.
Question 7. What is the central dogma of molecular biology? - ✔✔DNA to RNA to Protein
Question 8. What does gene expression dictate? - ✔✔Cell identity and function
, Question 9. What is a cell? - ✔✔Membrane-bound structure containing biomolecules
Structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms
Question 10. What are exons? - ✔✔Protein coding sequence
Question 11. What are introns? - ✔✔Non-coding sequence
Regulatory elements that get spliced out later
Question 12. What is a diploid organism? - ✔✔Two copies of every gene
Question 13. What is an allele? - ✔✔Different versions of same gene
Question 14. What is a polymorphism? - ✔✔Difference in DNA that occurs normally. Doesn't necessarily
change proteins.
Question 15. Describe the process of DNA transcription. - ✔✔1. Transcription, 5' capping
2. Cleavage at poly(A) site
3. Polyadenylation
3. RNA splicing
Genes typically have untranslated areas at 3' and 5' ends
Occurs in nucleus as mRNA has to be transported out of nucleus to be translated
Question 16. What is the most common start codon? - ✔✔ATG
Question 17. What is a cap? - ✔✔Important recognition site for proteins
Question 18. What is polyadenylation? - ✔✔Addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA
