ARHS Midterm Exam With Questions And Accurate Verified Answers.

Name: The "Warka Vase" Material: Limestone Location: Uruk, Mesopotamia Date: c. BCE 1. Depicts 3 separate registers to tell a coherent story (1st is animals being subservent, 2nd and 3rd show humans bringing food staples to the Goddess) 2. Animals are all shown in profile view to depict the largest target area for a potential kill 3. Circularity of vase symbolizes a never ending offering and serving of the Goddess by humans 4. The wavy line representing the river in the lowest register connects the the crops/plants, symbolizing a well irrigated food source 5. Two reed bundles behind the woman in the top register represent Goddess Inanna - correct answer Name: Bull-headed lyres Material: Wood decorated with lapis lazuli, gold, and shell inlays Location: Royal Tombs of Ur Date: c. 2600 BCE 1. The bull connected to the lyre symbolizes the bull bearing the weight of civilization 2. The lions, a strong and fierce animal, are depicted building a vase, symbolizing how animals continue to serve humans 3. Beard on bull represents masculinity and testosterone 4. Use of expensive/precious gold indicates that king it was buried with was important/high ranking 5. Earliest examples of animal personification to further show animals subservient nature - correct answer Name: "The Stele of Naram-Sin" Material: Pink Sandstone Location: Displayed at Sippar Date: c. 2250 BCE 1. Stars at the top represent the 3 gods of the culture with all figures looking up at them 2. Naram-sin is notably drawn bigger than everyone else, emphasizing his power and strength 3. Naram-sin stands over everyone with people either bowing or dead below, symbolizing he has conquered them 4. King wears a horned helmet signifying divinity 5. King's troops march behind him in an orderly manner, showing the obedience and organization of his forces - correct answer Name: "Law Code of Hammurabi" Stele Material: Diorite Location: Susa Date: c. 1760 BCE 1. The God is depicted sitting on a structure signifying the importance of religion in Mesopotamia 2. Shamash's beard points toward Hammurabi signifying relationship between God and Hammurabi 3. The God extends Hammurabi a rod and ring that symbolize authority 4. Handing of builder's tools symbolizes king's ability to build social order and enforce laws 5. Hammurabi raises hand in presence of Shamash to emphasize respect and show importance of religion to society - correct answer Name: Lamassu of Ashurnasirpal II Material: Gypsum Location: Palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud Date: c. 883-858 BCE 1. Depicted with body and feet of a lion and wings shows mythical animal as fearsome and powerful 2. Head is crowned by a corn headrest representing a God 3. Mythical aspect of animal symbolizes divine power and protection towards the king it guards 4. Animal is shown 5 legged so the animal is "complete" with at least 4 legs regardless of perspective 5. Animal is shown connected to wall representing that even the most powerful looking beasts still serve humans - correct answer Name: Queen Hama's Crown/Headdress Material: Gold Location: Queen's tomb, Northwest Palace, Nimrud Date: c. 727-722 BCE 1. Pomegranates on crown represent overcoming death 2. Winged figures are genies that circle the queen showing fertility and protection 3. Use of gold represents the high value that the queen/royalty held 4. Crown found in queen's tomb under their home, compared to Kings that were buried in specific place, showing queens are still important but not as much as king 5. Flowers on crown symbolize femininity of the queen - correct answer Name: The Ishtar Gate, reign of Nebuchadnezzar, Babylon Material: Glazed brick Location: Babylon Date: c. 604-562 BCE 1. Animals depicted are mushussu, an imaginary animal with combinations from other real animals to further mythic power 2. Animals are repeated to "create an army" and increase the magnitude of the protective gate towards potential invaders 3. Animals are yellow and red because red is a lasting color that invaders can still see in darkness 4. Background is blue so it's color disappears at night only showing the stacking of the animals, increasing it's protective presence 5. Dedicated to Ishtar, god of war,love, and fertility - correct answer Name: The Bisitun Relief of Darius I Material: Limestone Location: Bisitun Date: c. 522-486 BCE 1. Darius depicted up high like a god in the sky to show he is always watching 2. Shown stepping on defeated challenger on the ground symbolizing darius' power 3. Scripture on monument is basis for current historian translations of their language 4. 5. - correct answer Name: Palette of King Narmer Material: Slate Location: Hierakonpolis Date: c. BCE 1. King Narmer is given compositional privilege to show his presence and power 2. Narmer is shown over Wash, a defeated King to further Narmer's power 3. The God Horus is represented by the falcon who has the human capability to lift the head below 4. The makeup palette is formed by the two serpent heads creating the bowl/divot 5. Serpent leopards being intertwined symbolizes how Narmer has united upper and lower Egypt - correct answer Name: Pyramid complex and Stepped Pyramid of King Djoser Material: Stone and mudbrick Location: Saqqara Date: c. BCE Artist: Imhotep 1. Pyramid design was based on a mastaba 2. Imhotep suggested he build a multi-story house to be grander than the rest 3. Design is technically not a true pyramid because it's outside structure is not smooth 4. Complex housed Djoser's tomb and was the area where the Heb Sed festival was 5. Festival was used to "rejuvenate" the king to further power over potential usurpers - correct answer Name: Hunter Ti during hippopotamus hunt Location: Mastaba of Ti, Saqqara Date: c. BCE 1. Ti is portrayed rigidly with mixing and matching of body angles to show him as complete as possible regardless of perspective 2. Ti portrayed with dark skin, which was viewed as an ideal man who was supposed to be outside 3. Since Egyptians would carve the life activities of the afterlife, Ti is shown to continue hunting after death 4. Ti shown hunting hippos symbolizes his power as Egyptian elites would hunt hippos to keep their population down since they were a threat to people that relied on the Nile 5. Nile river being shown in 2 different angles symbolizes its dominance and importance to the people since it's shown as complete and full - correct answer Name: The Giza Pyramids and the Great Sphinx Location: Giza Material: Pyramids - granite and limestone; Sphinx - limestone Date: c. BCE 1. The average villager would go to worship at the temple attached to the pyramid base 2. Pyramid used to have a reflective surface that symbolized putting the King closer to the sun god 3. Sphinx is in God-like form with body of lion and head of pharaoh, symbolizing power and protection over the pyramid behind 4. Pharaoh is shown in three forms - human, god, and mummy - furthering his influence and importance 5. - correct answer Name: Pectoral with Cartouche of King Kha-kheper-re Senuseret II Location: The Lahun