ATLS EXAM Questions And Answers Rated A+.

ATLS EXAM Questions And Answers Rated A+. True kor kfalse? kAlthough kthe kmechanism kof kinjury kmay kbe ksimilar kto kthose kfor kthe kyounger kpopulation, kdata kshows kincreased kmortality kwith ksimilar kseverity kof kinjury kin kolder kadults. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.True In kthe kelderly kpopulation, kwhat kis kdecreased kphysiological kreserve? k- k k k kcorrect kis kcharacterized kby kimpaired kadaptive kand khomeostatic kmechanisms kthat kcaused kan kincreased ksusceptibility kto kthe kstress kof kinjury. kInsults ktolerated kby kthe kyounger kpopulation kcan klead kto kdevastating kresults kin kelderly kpatients. Pre-existing kconditions kthat kaffect kmorbidity kand kmortality kinclude: k- k k k kcorrect osis, kcoagulopathy, kCOPD, kischemic kheart kdisease, kDM What kis kthe kmost kcommon kmechanism kof kinjury kin kthe kelderly? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Fall. kNonfatal kfalls kare kcommon kin kwomen kand kfractures kare kcommon kin kwomen kwho kfall. kFalls kare kthe kmost kcommon kcause kof kTBI. In kthe kelderly kpopulation, kwhat kare krisk kfactors kfor kfalls? k- k k k kcorrect ced kage, kphysical kimpairment, khistory kof kprevious kfall, kmedication kuse, kdementia, kunsteady kgait, kand kvisual, kcognitive kimpairment Most kof kelderly ktraffic kfatalities koccur kin kthe kdaytime kand kon kweekends kand ktypically kinvolve kother kvehicles. kWhy? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Older kpeople kdrive kon kmore kfamiliar kroads kand kat klower kspeeds kand ktend kto kdrive kduring kthe kday. kOlder kpeople khave kslower kreaction ktime, ka klarger kblind kspot, klimited kcervical kmobility, kdecreased khearing, kand kcognitive kimpairment. True kor kFalse? kMortality kassociated kwith ksmall kto kmoderate ksized kburns kin kolder kadults kremains khigh k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.True Spilled khot kliquids kon kthe kleg, kwhich kin kyounger kpatients kmay kre-epithelialize kdue kto kan kadequate knumber kof khair kfollicles, kwill kresult kin ka kfull kthickness kburn kin kolder kpatients. k- k k k kcorrect kis ktrue Airway-patients kmay khave kdentures kthat kmay kloosen kor kobstruct kthe kairway. kIf kdentures kare knot kobstructing kthe kairway, kleave kthem kin kplace kfor kwhat? k- k k k kcorrect kmask kventilation, kas kit kimproves kmask kfitting. When kpreforming krapid ksequence kintubation, kthe kdose kof kbenzos, kbarbiturates, kand kother ksedatives kshould kbe kreduced kto kwhat kpercentage kto kminimize kthe krisk kof kcardiovascular kdepression? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.20-40% Functional kchanges kin kcardiac ksystem kinclude kdeclining kfunction, kdecreased ksensitivity kto kcatecholamines, katherosclerosis kof kcoronary kvessels, kincreased kafterload, kfixed kheart krate k(beta kblockers) k- k k k kcorrect kresults kin klack kof kclassic kresponse kto khypovolemia, krisk kfor kcardiac kischemia, kelevated kBP kat kbaseline, kand kincreased krisk kof kdysrythmias. Functional kchanges kin kpulmonary ksystem kinclude kdecreased kelastic krecoil, kreduced kresidual kcapacity, kdecreased kgas kexchange kand kdecreased kcough kreflex k- k k k kcorrect kthey kare kat kincreased krisk kfor krespiratory kfailure, kincreased krisk kfor kpneumonia, kand kpoor ktolerance kto krib kfractures Functional kchanges kin krenal ksystem kinclude kloss kof krenal kmass, kdecreased kGFR, kand kdecreased ksensitivity kto kADH kand kaldosterone k- k k k kcorrect ting kin kdrug kdosing kfor krenal kinsufficiency, kdecreased kability kto kconcentrate kurine, kincreased krisk kfor kAKI kand kurine kflow kmay kbe knormal kwith khypovolemia Functional kchanges kto kMSK kinclude kloss kof klean kbody kmass, kosteoporosis, kchanges kin kjoints kand kcartilage, kc kspine kdegenerative kchanges kand kloss kof kskin kelastin kand ksubcutaneous kfat k- k k k kcorrect ting kin kincreased krisk kfor kfractures, kdecreased kmobility, kdifficulty kfor koral kintubation, krisk kof kskin kinjury, kincreased krisk kfor khypothermia, kchallenges kin krehabiliation Functional kchanges kin kEndocrine ksystem kinclude kdecreased kproduction kand kresponse kto kthyroxin kand kdecreased kdehydroepiandrosterone k(DHEA) k- k k k kcorrect ting kin koccult khypothyroidism, krelative khypercortisone kstates kand kincreased krisk kof kinfection True kor kfalse: kArthritis kcan kcomplicate kthe kairway kand kcervical kspine. kPatients kcan khave kmultilevel kdegenerative kchanges kaffecting kdisk kspaces kand kposterior kelements kassociated kwith ksevere kcentral kcanal kstenosis, kcord kcompression, kand kmyelomalacia k- k k k kcorrect In kelderly kpopulation, kdue kto ktheir kchanges kin kpulmonary ksystem, kplacing ka kgauze kbetween kgums kand kcheek kto kachieve kseal kwhen kusing kbag kvalve kmask kventilation kis kokay. kIn kaddition, kbecause kaging kcauses ka ksuppressed kheart krate kresponse kto khypoxia...... k- k k k kcorrect ratory kfailure kmay kpresent kinsidiously kin kolder kadults. Age krelated kchanges kin kthe kcardiovascular ksystem kplace kthe kelderly ktrauma kpatient kat ksignificant krisk kfor kbeing kinaccurately kcategorized kas khemodynamically kstable. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Elderly kpatients khave ka kfixed kheart krate kand kfixed kcardiac koutput, kthus, ktheir kresponse kto khypovolemia kwill kinvolve kincreasing ktheir ksystemic kvascular kresistance. kFurthermore, ksince kolder kpatients khave kHTN, kan kacceptable kBP kmay ktruly kreflect ka khypotensive kstate. kA ksystolic kBP kof k110 kis kto kbe kutilized kas kthe kthreshold kfor kidentifying khypotension kin kpatients k65 kand kolder. Do kno kequate kblood kpressure kwith kshock kin kolder kpatients k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.BP kin kolder kpatients kmay klook knormal kdue kto kthe kmedications kthey kare kon. kUse klactate kand kbase kdeficit kto kevaluate kfor kevidence kof kshock what k2 kfactors kplace kelderly kpatients kat krisk kfor kintracranial khemorrhage? k- k k k kcorrect kcauses kdura kto kbecome kmore kadherent kto kthe kskull kincreasing krisk kof kinjury kand kolder kpatients kare kon kanticoagulant kand kantiplatelet kmedications. Loss kof ksubcutaneous kfat, knutritional kdeficiencies, kchronic kmedical kconditions kplace kelderly kpatients kas krisk kfor khypothermia kand kcomplications kfor kimmobility. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Rapid kevaluation kand kwhen kpossible kearly kliberation kfrom kspine kboards kand kcervical kcollars kwill kminimize kcomplications. True kor kFalse: kFall kprevention kis kthe kmainstay kof kreducing kthe kmortality kassociated kwith kpelvic kfractures. k- k k k kcorrect poor khygiene, kdehydration, koral kinjury, kcontusions kaffecting kthe kinner karms, kinner kthighs, kpalms, ksoles, kscalp, kear, knasal kbridge kand ktemple kinjury kfrom kbeing kstruck kwhile kwearing kglasses, kcontact kburns kand kscalds. kThese kare kall ksigns kof.......? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Elder kmaltreatment. kThe kpresence kof kphysical kfindings kof kmaltreatment kshould kprompt ka kdetailed khistory. kif khistory kconflicts kwith kfindings, kimmediately kreport kfindings kto kauthorities. True kof kfalse: kearly kactivation kof kthe ktrauma kteam kmay kbe krequired kfor kelderly kpatients kwho kdo knot kmeet ktraditional kcriteria kfor kactivation k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.True. kA ksimple kinjury ksuch kas kan kopen ktibia kfracture kin ka kfrail kelderly kpatient kmay kbecome klife kthreatening. Common kmechanisms kof kinjury kinclude kfalls, kMVC, kburns, kand kpenetrating kinjuries k- k k k kcorrect n kinjuries kin kthe kelderly kinclude krib kfractures, kTBI, kpelvic kfractures The kbest kinitial ktreatment kfor kthe kfetus kis kto kprovide koptimal kresuscitation kof kthe kmother. kTrue kor kFalse? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.True. kAlso kif kxray kexamination kis kindicated kduring kthe kpregnant kpatient's ktreatment, kit kshould knot kbe kwithheld kbecause kof kthe kpregnancy. What khappens kas kthe kuterus kenlarged kand kthe kbowel kis kpushed kcephalad. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.When kthe kuterus kenlarges kit kpushes kthe kbowel kcephalad kand kthe kuterus klies kin kthe kupper kabdomen. kAs ka kresult, kthe kbowel kis ksomewhat kprotected kfrom kblunt kabdominal ktrauma, kwhereas kthe kuterus kand kits kcontents k(fetus kand kplacenta) kbecome kmore kvulnerable. kUterus kremains kintrapelvic kuntil k12 kweeks kand kthen kat k20 kweeks kit kis kat kthe kumbilicus, kand kat k34-36 kweeks kit kreaches kthe kcostal kmargin. Amniotic kfluid kcan kcause kamniotic kfluid kembolism kand kdisseminated kintravascular kcoagulation kfollowing ktrauma kif kfluid kenters kmaternal kintravascular kspace. kTrue kor kFalse k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.True By kthe kthird ktrimester, kwhat kis kthe kcomplication kof ktrauma kto kthe kpelvis kof kthe kmother? k- k k k kcorrect kthe kthird ktrimester, kthe kuterus kis klarge kand kthin kwalled. kIn kvertex kpresentation, kfetal khead kis kusually kin kthe kpelvis kand kthe kremainder kof kthe kfetus kis kexposed kabove kthe kpelvic kbrim. kPelvic kfractures kin klate kgestation kcan kresult kin kskull kfracture kor kintracranial kinjury kto kthe kfetus. kAlso kwe kcan khave ka kplacental kabruption kdue kto kits klittle kelasticity kand kvulnerability kto ksheer kforces. An kabrupt kdecrease kin kmaternal kintravascular kvolume kcan kresult kin ka kprofound kincrease kin kuterine kvascular kresistance kreducing kfetal koxygenation kdespite kreasonably knormal kmaternal kvital ksigns. k- k k k kcorrect kis ktrue Physiological kanemia kof kpregnancy k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.A ksmaller kincrease kin kred kblood kcell kvolume kcan koccur kresulting kin ka kdecreased khematocrit klevel. kThus, kin klate kpregnancy ka khematocrit kof k31-33% kis knormal. Healthy kpregnancy kpatients kcan klose k kmL kof kblood kbefore kexhibiting ksigns kand ksymptoms kof khypovolemia. kHow kcan kthis kmanifest? k- k k k kcorrect kamount kof khemorrhage kmay kbe kreflected kby kfetal kdistress kas kevidenced kby kan kabnormal kfetal kheart krate. What kare ksome kof kthe klab kchanges kin kpregnancy? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.WBC kincreases kto k12000 kand kduring klabor kcan kbe k25000. kFibrinogen kand kother kclotting kfactors kare kmildly kelevated kand kPT kand kpTT kare kshortened, kbut kbleeding ktime kand kclotting ktime kare kunchanged. After kthe k10th kweek kof kpregnancy, kcardiac koutput kcan kincrease k1.0-1.5 kL/min kbecause kof kthe kincrease kin kplasma kvolume kand kdecrease kin kvascular kresistance kof kthe kuterus kand kplacenta. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.The kplacenta kreceives k20% kof kthe kpatient's kcardiac koutput kduring kthe k3rd ktrimester. kIn ksupine kposition, kvena kcava kcompression kcan kdecrease kcardiac koutput kby k30% kbecause kof kdecreased kvenous kreturn kfrom klower kextremities. During kpregnancy kthe kheart krate kincreases kto ka kmaximum kof k10-15 kbeats kper kminute kover kbaseline kby kthe kthird ktrimester. k- k k k kcorrect kheart krate kmust kbe kconsidered kwhen kinterpreting ka ktachycardic kresponse kto khypovolemia. Blood kpressure kfalls k5-15 kmm kHg kin ksystolic kand kdiastolic kpressures kduring ksecond ktrimester, kalthough kit kreturns kto knear knormal klevels kat kterm. k- k k k kcorrect kwomen kexperience khypotension kwhen kplaced kin kthe ksupine kposition kdue kto kthe kcompression kof kteh kinferior kvena kcava. hypertension kin kthe kpregnant kif kaccompanied kby kproteinuria kmay krepresent kwhat? k- k k k kcorrect -eclampsia. EKG kfindings kin kpregnant kpatient k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Flatted kor kinverted kT kwaves kin kleads kIII kand kAVF kand kthe kprecordial kleads kmay kbe knormal. kEctopic kbeats kare kincreased kduring kpregnancy. Minute kventilation kincreases kprimarily kdue kto kan kincrease kin ktidal kvolume. kHypocapnia k(30 kmm kHg) kis kcommon kin klate kpregnancy k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Monitor kventilation kin klate kpregnancy kwith karterial kblood kgas kvalues. kA kPaCO2 kof k35-40 kmm kHg kmay kindicate kimpending krespiratory kfailure kduring kpregnancy. kPregnant kpatients kshould kbe khypocapneic. Anatomical kalterations kin kthe kthoracic kcavity kseem kto kaccount kfor kthe kdecreased kresidual kvolume kassociated kwith kdiphragmatic kelevation kand kchest kx kray kreveals kincreased klung kmarking kand kprominence kof kthe kpulmonary kvessels. k- k k k kcorrect n kconsumption kincreases kduring kpregnancy kand kits kimportant kwhen kresuscitating kinjured kpregnant kpatients kto kmaintain kadequate koxygenation kabove k95% In kpatients kwith kadvanced kpregnancy, kthose kthat krequire ka kchest ktube kplacement, kwhere kshould kthe ktest ktube kbe kplaced? k- k k k kcorrect kshould kbe kpositioned khigher kto kavoid kintra-abdominal kplacement kgiven kthe kelevation kof kthe kdiaphragm. Urinary ksystem: kwhat khappens kto kthe kGFR, kserum kcreatinine kand kurea knitrogen klevels? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.GFR kand krenal kblood kincreases kduring kpregnancy, kwhereas klevels kof kthe kserum kcreatinine kand kurea knitrogen kfall kto kone khalf kof kthe knormal kpre kpregnancy klevels. kGlycosuria kis kcommon kin kpregnancy. When kinterpreting kx kray kfilms kof kthe kpelvis kin ka kpregnant kpatient, kthe ksymphysis kpubis kwidens k4-8 kmm kand kthe ksacroiliac kjoint kspaces kincrease kby kthe k7th kmonth k- k k k kcorrect kthis kin kmind Eclampsia k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Maintain ka khigh kindex kof ksuspicion kfor keclampsia kwhen kseizures kare kaccompanied kby kHTN, kproteinuria, khyperreflexia, kand kperipheral kedema kin kpregnant ktrauma kpatients. kThis kcan kmimic khead kinjury. External kcontusions kand kabrasions kof kthe kabdominal kwall kare ksigns kof kblunt kuterine ktrauma. k- k k k kcorrect . kFetal kinjuries kcan koccur kwhen kthe kabdominal kwall kstrikes kan kobject, ksuch kas kthe kdashboard kor ksteering kwheel, kor kwhen ka kpregnant kpatient kis kstruck kby ka kblunt kinstrument. Using ka kshoulder krestraints kin kconjunction kwith ka klap kbelt kreduces kthe klikelihood kof kdirect kand kindirect kfetal kinjury, kpresumably kbecause kthe kshoulder kbelt kdissipates kdeceleration kforces kover ka kgreat ksurface karea kand khelps kprevent kthe kmother kfrom kflexing kforward kover kthe kgravid kuterus. k- k k k kcorrect kdeployment kof kair kbags kin kvehicles kdoes knot kappear kto kincrease kpregnancy kspecific krisks. kUsing klap kbelt kalone kallows kfor kforward kflexion kand kuterine kcompression kwith kpossible kuterine krupture kor kplacental kabruption. kLap kbelt kworn ktoo khigh kover kuterus kmay kproduce kuterine krupture. Penetrating kinjury kto kpregnant kwomen k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.As kuterus kgrows klarger, kother kviscera kare kprotected kfrom kpenetrating kinjury. kDense kuterine kmusculature kin kearly kpregnancy kcan kabsorb ksignificant kamount kof kenergy kfrom kpenetrating kobjects kdecreasing ktheir kvelocity kand klowering krisk kof kinjury kto kother kviscera. kHowever, kfetal koutcome kis kgenerally kpoor kwith kpenetrating kinjury kto kuterus. carefully kobserve kpregnant kpatients kwith keven kminor kinjuries ksince koccasionally kminor kinjuries kare kassociated kwith kplacental kabruption kand kfetal kloss. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.True. kAND kto koptimize koutcomes kfor kmother kand kbaby, kclinicians kmust kassess kand kresuscitate kthe kmother kfirst kand kthen kassess kthe kfetus kbefore kconducting ksecond ksurvey kof kthe kmother. Failure kto kdisplace kthe kuterus kto kthe kleft kside kin ka khypotensive kpregnant kpatient k- k k k kcorrect ll kall kpatients kappearing kclinically kpregnant k(second kand kthird ktrimester) kto kthe kleft k15-30 kdegrees kand kelevate kthe kright kside k4-6 kinches kand ksupport kwith ka kbolstering kdevice kto kmaintain kspinal kmotion krestriction kand kdecompression kof kthe kvena kcava. Due kto kincreases kintravascular kvolume, kpregnant kpatients kcan klose ka ksignificant kamount kof kblood kbefore ktachycardia, khypotension, kand kother ksigns kof khypovolemia koccur. kThus, kwhat kdo kstable kvital ksigns kin ka kpregnant kpatient kindicate kabout kthe kfetus? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.The kfetus kmay kbe kin kdistress kand kthe kplacenta kdeprived kof kvital kperfusion kwhile kthe kmother's kcondition kand kvital ksigns kappear kstable. kAdminister kcrystalloid kfluid kresuscitation kand kblood kto ksupport kthe kphysiological khypervolemia kof kpregnancy. kvasopressers kshould kbe kan kabsolute klast kresort kin krestoring kmaternal kblood kpressure kas kthey kfurther kreduce kuterine kblood kflow, kresulting kin kfetal khypoxia. What kdoes ka knormal kfibrinogen klevel kindicate kin ka kpregnant kpatient? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Fibrinogen klevel kmay kdouble kin klate kpregnancy kand ka knormal klevel kmay kindicate kearly kdisseminated kintravascular kcoagulation Most kcommon kcause kof kfetal kdeath? k- k k k kcorrect nal kshock kand kmaternal kdeath. kPlacental kabruption kis ksecond. kPlacental kabruption kis ksuggested kby kvaginal kbleeding, kuterine ktenderness, kfrequent kuterine kcontractions, kuterine ktetany, kand kuterine kirritability k(uterus kcontracts kwhen ktouched). kIn k30% kof kcases kof kabruption, kbleeding kmay knot koccur. kUterine kultrasound kmay kbe khelpful kin kdiagnosis, kbut kis kNOT kdefinitive. Signs kof kuterine krupture k- k k k kcorrect inal ktenderness, kguarding, krigidity, kor krebound ktenderness. kSigns kof kperitonitis kare khard kto ktell kdue kto kexpansion kand kattenuation kof kthe kabdominal kwall kmusculature. kOther kfindings kinclude kabdominal kfetal klie k(oblique kor ktransverse klie), keasy kpalpation kof kthe kfetal kparts kbecause kof ktheir kextrauterine klocation kand kinability kto kreadily kpalpate kthe kuterine kfundus kwhen kthere kis kfundal krupture. kXray kevidence kof krupture kinclude kextended kfetal kextremities, kabnormal kfetal kposition, kand kfree kintraperitoneal kair. Perform kcontinuous kfetal kmonitoring kwith ka ktocodynamometer kbeyond k20-24 kweeks kof kgestation. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Patients kwith kno krisk kfactors kfor kfetal kloss kshould khave kcontinuous kmonitoring kfor k6 khours, kwhereas, kpatients kwith krisk kfactors kfor kfetal kloss kor kplacental kabruption kshould kbe kmonitored kfor k24 khours. kRISK kFACTORS kARE: kheart krate k k110, kan kinjury kseverity kscore k9, kevidence kof kplacental kabruption, kfetal kheart krate k160 kor kless kthan k120, kejection kduring kMV, kand kmotorcycle kor kpedestrian kcollisions REMEMBER: kmaternal kbicarbonate kis klow kduring kpregnancy kto kcompensate kfor krespiratory kalkalosis. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.17-22 kin kpregnant kpatient. k(non kpregnant kpatient kis k22-28) Fetal kheart krate kis ka ksensitive kindicator kof kmaternal kblood kvolume kstatus kand kfetal kwell kbeing. k- k k k kcorrect l krange kfor kfetus kis k120-160. kabnormal kheart krate, krepetitive kdecelerations, kabsence kof kaccelerations kor kbeat kto kbeat kvariability kand kfrequent kuterine kactivity kcan kbe ksigns kof kimpending kmaternal kand kor kfetal kdecompensation k(hypoxia kor kacidosis) kand kshould kprompt kimmediate kobstetrical kconsultation. If ka kDPL kis kto kbe kplaced kin ka kpregnant ktrauma kpatient, kplace kthe kcatheter kabove kthe kumbilicus kusing kthe kopen ktechnique. kBe kalert kto kuterine kcontractions kwhich ksuggest kearly klabor kand ktetanic kcontractions kwhich ksuggest kplacental kabruption. k- k k k kcorrect nce kof kruptured kchorioamniotic kmembranes kinclude kamniotic kfluid kin kvagina kevidenced kby ka kpH kof k4.5 Bleeding kin k3rd ktrimester kmay kindicate kplacental kabruption kand kimpending kdeath kof kthe kfetus, ka kvaginal kexam kis kvital k- k k k kcorrect er, kavoid krepeating kvaginal kexamination, kCT kabdominal kimaging kcan kbe kdone kand kradiation kdoses kless kthan k50mGy kare knot kassociated kwith kfetal kanomalies kor khigher krisk kof kfetal kloss. Admission kto khospital kfor kpregnant kpatients: k- k k k kcorrect al kbleeding, kuterine kirritability, kabdominal ktenderness, kpain kor kcramping, kevidence kof khypovolemia, kchanges kin kor kabsence kof kfetal kheart ktones kand kor kleakage kof kamniotic kfluid With kextensive kplacental kseparation kor kamniotic kfluid kembolization, kwidespread kconsumptive kcoagulopathy kcan kemerge krapidly kcausing kdepletion kof kfibrinogen, kother kclotting kfactors, kand kplatelets. k- k k k kcorrect iately kperform kuterine kevacuation kand kreplace kplatelets, kfibrinogen, kand kother kclotting kfactors. As klittle kas k0.01mL kof kRH+ kblood kwill ksensitize k70% kof kRh- kwomen. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.All kpregnany kRH knegative ktrauma kpatients kshould kreceive kRH kimmunoglobulin ktherapy kunless kinjury kis kremote kfrom kthe kuterus k(isolated kdistal kextremity kinjury) Intimate kpartner kviolence kin kpregnant kpatient: k- k k k kcorrect ies kinconsistent kwith khistory, kdiminished kself kimage, kdepression kor ksuicide kattempts, kself kabuse, kfrequent kED kvisits, ksymptoms ksuggestive kof ksubstance kabuse, kisolated kinjuries kto kthe kgravid kabdomen, kparter kinsists kon kbeing kpresent kfor kthe kinterview kand kexam kand kmonopolizes kdiscussion What kis kthe kdifference kbetween kburns kand kother kinjuries? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.The kbiggest kdifference kis kthat kthe kconsequences kof kburn kinjury kare kdirectly klinked kto kthe kextent kof kthe kinflammatory kresponse kto kthe kinjury. kThe klarger kand kdeeper kthe kburn, kthe kworse kthe kinflammation. Flame kinjury kis kmore kevident kthan kmost kchemical kinjuries. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Monitor kIV klines kclosely kto kensure kthey kdo knot kbecome kdislodged kas kthe kpatient kbecomes kmore kedematous. kRegularly kcheck kties ksecuring kET kor kNG kto kensure kthey kare knot ktoo ktight. Factors kthat kincrease kthe krisk kof kupper kairway kobstruction kare: k- k k k kcorrect asing kburn ksize kand kdepth, kburns kto kthe khead kand kface, kinhalation kinjury, kassociated ktrauma, kand kburns kinside kthe kmouth. kAirway kcan kbecome kobstructed kform kdirect kinjury ksuch kas kinhalation kinjury, kbut kalso kfrom kmassive kedema kresulting kfrom kburn kinjury. How kdo kyou kdecontaminate kburn kareas? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Completely kremove kthe kpatient's kclothing kto kstop kburning kprocess, kbut kdo knot kpeel koff kadherent kclothing. kSynthetic kfabrics kcan kignite, kburn krapidly kat khigh ktemps kand kmelt kinto khot kresidue kthat kcontinues kto kburn kthe kpatient. kbrush kany kdry kchemical kpowder kfrom kwound. krinse kwith kcopious kamounts kof kwarm ksaline kirrigation kor krinsing kin ka kwarm kshower. konce kthe kburning kprocess khas kbeen kstopped, kcover kthe kpatient kwith kwarm, kclean, kdry klinens kto kprevent khypothermia. hoarseness, kstridor, kaccessory krespiratory kmuscle kuse, ksternal kretraction kare ksigns kof kwhat? k- k k k kcorrect y kobstruction. kClinical kmanifestations kof kinhalation kinjury kmay kbe ksubtle kand kmay knot kshow kup kwithin kthe kfirst k24 khours. kdo knot kwait kfor kthe kxray kto kshow kevidence kof kpulmonary kinjury kor kchanges kin kblood kgas kbecause kairway kedema kcan kpreclude kintubation kand ka ksurgical kairway kwill kbe krequired. A kcarboxyhemoglobin klevel kgreater kthan kwhat kpercentage kindicates ka kpatient kwas kinvolved kin ka kfire kand khas kinhalation kinjury? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.10% Indications kfor kearly kintubation kin kburn kpatients: k- k k k kcorrect kthickness kcircumferential kneck kburns, ksigns kof kairway kobstruction, kextent kof kthe kburn k k40%, kburns kinside kthe kmouth, kdifficulty kclearing ksecretions kor kswallowing, kdecreased klevel kof kconsciousness, Patient kwith kinhalation kinjury kare kat krisk kfor kbronchial kobstruction kfrom ksecretions kand kdebris kand kthey kmay krequire kbronchoscopy. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Make ksure kto kplace kan kadequately ksized kairway ktube Direct kthermal kinjury kto kthe klower kairway kis kvery krare kand kessentially koccurs konly kafter kexposure kto ksuperheated ksteam kor kignition kof kinhaled kinflammable kgases. kBreathing kconcerns karise kfrom kwhat k3 kgeneral kcauses: k- k k k kcorrect ia, kcarbon kmonoxide kpoisoning, kand ksmoke kinhalation kinjury. Always kassume kCO kexposure kin kpatients kwho kwere kburned kin kenclosed kareas. kPatients kwith kCO klevels kless kthan k20% kmay knot kshow kany ksymptoms k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.HA kand knausea k(20-30%), kconfusion k(30-40%), kcoma k(40-60%) kand kdeath k(60%). kCherry kred kskin kcolor kin kpatients kmay konly kbe kseen kin kmoribund kpatients. k Measurements kof karterial kPaO2 kdo knot kreliably kpredict kCO kpoisoning kb/c ka kpartial kpressure kof konly k1 kmm kHg kresults kin kan kHbCO klevel kof k40% kor kgreater. kPulse kox kcannot kbe krelied kon kto krule kout kcarbon kmonoxide kpoisoning kb/c kwe kcant kdistinguish koxyhemoglobin kfrom kcarboxyhemoglobin. kA kdiscrepancy kbetween kpulse kox kand karterial kblood kgas kmay kbe kexplained kby kpresence kof kcarboxyhemoglobin. Cyanide kinhalation kpoisoning kcan koccur kin kconfined kspaces kand ksign kof kpotential ktoxicity kis kpersistent kprofound kunexplained kmetabolic kacidosis. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.THERE kIS kNO kROLE kfor khyperbaric koxygen ktherapy kin kthe kprimary kresuscitation kof ka kpatient kwith kcritical kburn kinjury. American kBurn kAssociation kstates k2 krequirements kfor kdiagnosis kof ksmoke kinhalation kinjury: k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.1. kexposure kto kcombustible kagent k 2. ksigns kof kexposure kto ksmoke kin kthe klower kairway, kbelow kthe kvocal kcords, kseen kon kbronchoscopy. k A kchest kXray kand karterial kblood kgases kshould kbe kordered kto kevaluate kthe kpulmonary kstatus kof ka kpatient kwith ksmoke kinhalation kinjury, kbut knormal kvalues kon kadmission kDO kNOT kexclude kan kinhalation kinjury. The ktreatment kof ksmoke kinhalation kinjury kis ksupportive. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Any kpatient kwith ksmoke kinhalation kinjury kand ksignificant kburns kgreater kthan k20% kTBSA kshould kbe kintubated. kIF kthe kpatient's khemodynamic kcondition kpermits kand kspinal kinjury khas kbeen kexcluded, kelevate kthe kpatient's khead kand kchest k30 kdegrees kto khelp kreduce kneck kand kchest kwall kedema. True kor kfalse: kClinicians kshould kprovide kburn kresuscitation kfluids kfor kdeep kpartial kand kfull kthickness kburns klarger kthan k20% kTBSA k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.True. kurine koutput kmonitoring kis k0.5mL/kg/hr kin kadults kand kshould kbe kmaintained kat k30-50cc/hr kto kminimize kover kresuscitation in ka kburn kpatient, kcardiac kdysrhytmias kmay kbe kthe kfirst ksign kof khypoxia kand kelectrolyte kor kacid kbase kabnormalities. k- k k k kcorrect fore kan kECG kshould kbe kperformed kfor kcardiac krhythm kdisturbances. kPersistent kacidemia kin kpatients kwith kburn kinjuries kmay kbe kdue kto kunder kresuscitation kor kinfusion kof klarge kvolumes kof ksaline. Tachycardia kis ka kpoor kindication kfor kresuscitation kin kthe kburn kpatient. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Adjust kthe kfluid krate kup kor kdown kbased kon kthe kurine koutput kand krecognize kthat kfactors ksuch kas kinhalation kinjury, kage kof kpatient, krenal kfailure, kdiuretics, kand kalcohol kcan kaffect kthe kvolume kof kresuscitation kand kurine koutput. True kof kfalse: kBurn kpatients kshould kget ktetanus. k- k k k kcorrect Partial kthickness kburns k- k k k kcorrect kcharacterized kas keither ksuperficial kpartial kthickness k(moist, kpainfully khypersensitive, k, kpotentially kblistered, khomogenously kpink, kand kblanch kto ktouch) kor kdeep kpartial kthickness k( kdrier, kless kpainful, kpotentially kblistered, kred kor kmottled kin kappearance, kand kdo knot kblanch kto ktouch) Full kthickness kburns k- k k k kcorrect r kleathery kand kskin kmay kbe kwhite kor ktranslucent kor kwaxy kwhite. ksurface karea kis kpainless kto klight ktouch kor kpinprick kand kgenerally kdry Compartment ksyndrome kin kburn kpatients: k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Compartment ksyndrome kcan kresult kfrom kan kincrease kin kpressure kinside kthe kcompartment kthat kinterferes kwith kperfusion kto kthe kstructures kwithin kthat kcompartment. kIn kburns, kthis kcondition kresults kfrom ka kcombination kof kdecreased kskin kelasticity kand kincreased kedema kin kthe ksoft ktissue. kA kpressure k k30 kmm kHg kwithin kthe kcompartment kcan klead kto kmuscle knecrosis kand konce kthe kpulse kis kgone kit kmay kbe kTOO kLATE kto ksave kthe kmuscle. kso krecognize kthe ksigns kearly: pain kgreater kthan kexpected kand kout kof kproportion kto kthe kinjury pain kon kpassive kstretch kof kthe kaffected kmuscle tense kswelling kof kthe kaffected kcompartment paresthesias kor kaltered ksensation kdistal kto kthe kaffected kcompartment compartment ksyndrome kmay kbe kpresent kwith kcircumferential kchest kand kabdominal kburns k- k k k kcorrect kand kabdominal kescharotomies kperformed kalong kthe kanterior kaxillary klines kwith kcross kincision kat kthe kclavicular kline kand kthe kjunction kof kthe kthorax kand kabdomen kusually krelieve kthis kproblem. krelieve kcirculatory kcompromise kin ka kcircumferentially kburned klimb kby keschartomy kand kthese kescharotimies kare knot kneeded kwithin kthe kfirst k6 khours. Partial kthickness kburns kare kpainful kwhen kair kcurrents kpass kover kthe kburned ksurface. k- k k k kcorrect y kcover kthe kburn kwith kclean ksheets kwill kdecrease kthe kpain kand kdeflect kair kcurrents. kDo knot kbreak kblisters kor kapply kan kantiseptic kand kapplication kof kcold kcompress kcan kcause khypothermia. kDO knot kapply kcold kwater kto ka kburn kpatient. electrical kburns kare kmore kserious kthan kthey kappear kon kthe kbody ksurface kand kextremities, kparticularly kthe kdigits. k- k k k kcorrect nt kcan ktravel kinside kblood kvessels kand knerves kand kcan kcause klocal kthrombosis kand knerve kinjury. kSo ka ksevere kelectrical kinjury kusually kresults kin kcontracture kof kthe kaffected kextremity. A kclenched khand kwith ka ksmall kelectrical kentrance kwound kshould kalert kthe kclinician kthat ka kdeep ksoft ktissue kinjury kis klikely kmuch kmore kextensive kthan kis kvisable kto kthe knaked keye k- k k k kcorrect . kpatients kwith ksevere kelectrical kinjuries krequire kfasciotomies. kElectricity kcan kcause kforced kcontraction kof kmuscles, kdoctors kneed kto kexamine kpatient kfor kskeletal kand kmuscular kdamage, kespecially kfor kfractures kof kthe kspine kand krhabdomyolysis How kdo kyou kdissolve ka ktar kburn? k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Use kmineral koil Abuse kand kburns k- k k k kcorrect lar kburns kand kburns kwith kclear kedges kand kunique kpatterns kmay kreflect kcigarette kburns kor kiron. kBurns kon kthe ksole kof kthe kfeet kusually ksuggest kchild kwas kplaced kin khot kwater. kA kburn kon kthe kposterior kaspect kof kthe kLE kand kbuttocks Patient kwith kelectrical kburn kcan kdevelop kfor kacute krenal kfailure k- k k k kcorrect ber kthese kburns kcan kcause kserious kmuscle kdamage kwithout kshowing ksigns koutright. kTest kurine kfor khemochromogen kand kadminister kproper kvolume. kAssess kfor kcompartment ksyndrome kand kattach kEKG kleads kas kelectrical kinjury kcan kcause karrhythmias. Frostbite kis kdue kto kfreezing kof ktissue kwith kintracellular kice kcrystal kformation, kmicrovascular kocclusion, kand ksubsequent ktissue kanoxia. k- k k k kcorrect kdegree: khyperemia kand kedema kare kpresent kw/o kskin knecrosis second kdegree: klarge kclear kvesicles kaccompany kthe khyperemia kand kedema kwith kpartial kthickness kskin knecrosis. k third kdegree kfrostbite: kfull kthickness kskin knecrosis kincluding kmuscle kand kbone kwith klater knecrosis treatment kis kcirculating kwater kat kconstant k40 kdegrees kC kor k104F kuntil kpink kcolor kand kperfusion kreturn kin k20-30 kminutes. In kfrostbite kinjury, kwarming klarge kareas kcan kresult kin kreperfusion ksyndrome, kwith kacidosis, khyperK kand klocal kswelling. k- k k k kcorrect fore kmonitor kthe kpatient's kcardiac kstatus kand kperipheral kperfusion kduring krewarming. Sympathetic kblockade kagents kand kvasodilating kagents khave kshown kto kbe keffective kin kaltering kthe kprogression kof kacute kcold kinjury k- k k k kcorrect hypothermia kis ka kcore ktemp kbelow k36C kor k96.8F k- k k k kcorrect hermia kcan kworsen kcoagulopathy kand kaffect korgan kfunction. Rhabdomyolysis kcan klead kto kmetabolic kacidosis, khyperK, khypoC, kand kDIC. k- k k k kcorrect kanswer.Myoglobin kinduced krenal kfailure kcan kbe kprevented kwith kintravascular kfluid kexpansion, kalkalinization kof kthe kurine kby kIV kadministration kof kBicarbonate kand kosmotic kdiuresis. For kMSK ktrauma, kloss kof ksensation kin ka kstocking kor kglove kdistribution kis kan kearly ksign kof.... k- k k k kcorrect ksign kof kvascular kimpairment Knee kdislocations kcan kreduce kspontaneously kand kmay knot kpresent kwith kany kgross kexternal kor kradiographic kanomalies kuntil ka kphysical kexam kof kis kjoint kis kperfromed. k- k k k kcorrect kankle kbrachial kindex kof kless kthan k0.9 kindicates kabnormal karterial kflow ksecondary kto kinjury kor kperipheral kvascular kdisease Blanched kskin kassociated kwith kfractures kand kdislocations kcan klead kto ksoft ktissue knecrosis. kThe kpurpose kof kpromptly kreducing kthis kinjury kis kto kprevent kpressure knecrosis kof kthe klateral kleft kankle ksoft ktissue k- k k k kcorrect konly kreason kto kforgo kan kxray kexam kbefore ktreating ka kdislocation kor kfracture kis kthe kpresence kof kvascular kcompromise kor kimpending kskin kbreakdown, koften kseen kwith kfracture kdislocations kof kthe kankle Treat kall kpatients kwith kopen kfractures kas ksoon kas kpossible kwith kiv kantibiotics k- k k k kcorrect losporins kare knecessary kfor kall kopen kfractures operative krevascularization kto kan kavascular kextremity kis kimportant kto ktreat kemergently. k- k k k kcorrect e knecrosis kbegins kwhere kthere kis ka klack kof kblood kflow kfor k6 khours. kis kthere kis kan kassociated kfracture kdeformity, kcorrect kit kby kgently kpulling kthe klimb kout kto klength, krealigning kthe kfracture kand ksplinting kthe kinjured kextremity. kThis kmaneuver kcan krestore kthe kblood kflow High krisk kactivities kthat kcan kcause kcompartment ksyndrome kinclude: k- k k k kcorrect sive kexercise burns severe kcrush kinjury kto kmuscle localized kprolonged kexternal kpressure kto kan kextremity increased kcapillary kpermeability ksecondary kto kreperfusion kof kischemic kmuscle. Compartment ksyndrome kis ka kclinical kdiagnosis kand kpressure kmeasurements kare konly kan kadjunct kto kaid kin kits kdiagnosis. ka kpressure kgreater kthan k30 kcan kcause kanoxia. k- k k k kcorrect kabsence kof ka kpalpable kdistal kpulse kis kan kuncommon kor klate kfinding kand kis knot knecessary kto kdiagnose kcompartment ksyndrome. k Capillary krefill ktimes kare kalso kunreliable weakness kor kparalysis kof kthe kinvolved kmuscle kis ka klate ksign kand kindicates knerve kor kmuscle kdamage the klower kthe ksystemic kpressure, kthe klower kthe kcompartment kpressure kthat kcauses kcompartment ksyndrome risk kof ktetanus: k- k k k kcorrect s kthat kare kmore kthan k6 khours kold contused kor kabraded