ATLS Written Review Questions And Answers well Illustrated.

ATLS Written Review Questions And Answerswell Illustrated. What gis gthe gprimary ggoal gof gtreating gTBI? gHow gis gthis gdone? g- g g g gcorrect nting gsecondary gbrain ginjury. gThis gis gdone gby gmaintaining gblood gpressure gand gproviding gadequate gprofusion. After gmanaging gABCDEs gof gTBI gwhat gMUST gbe gidentified gif gpresent? gHow gis gthis gdone? g- g g g gcorrect glesion gthat grequires gsurgical gevacuation gis gcritical! gthis gis gdone gwith gCT. gNOTE: gobtaining ga gCT gshould gnot gdelay gpatient gtransfer gto gtrauma gcenter. Which gbrain globes gdo gthe gfollowing ghold: 1. ganterior gfossa: g 2. gmiddle gfossa: g 3. gposterior gfossa: g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.1. ganterior gfossa: gfrontal globes 2. gmiddle gfossa: gtemporal globes 3. gposterior gfossa: glower gbrainstem gand gcerebellum What gare gthe g3 glayers gof gthe gmeninges? g- g g g gcorrect gmater, garachnoid gmater, gpia gmater What gdoes gthe gdura gmater gadhere gfirmly gto? g- g g g gcorrect gskull. git gis gtough gand gfibrous What glayer gof gthe gmeninges gsplits ginto gtwo gleaves gas gspecific gsites gto genclose glarge gvenous gsinuses? gWhat gdo gthese gsinuses gdo? g- g g g gcorrect gmater. these gsinuses gprovide gmajor gvenous gdrainage gfrom gthe gbrain. What gis gthe gmidline gsinus gof gof gthe gbrain gthat gsplits ginto gtwo gsinuses: gbilateral gtransverse gand gsigmoid gsinus? gWhat gside gare gthese gbigger gon? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.The gmain gsinus genclosed gby gthe gdura gmajor gis gthe gmidline gsuperior gsagital gsinus. gThis gsplits ginto gthe gsigmoid gand gbilateral gtransverse gsinuses gwhich gare glarger gon gthe gright gside. What gare gthe garteries gthat glie gbetween gthe gskull gand gthe gdura gmater g(epidural gspace)? g- g g g gcorrect geal garteries. What gis gthe gmost gcommonly ginjured gmeningeal gartery gand gwhere gis git glocated? g- g g g gcorrect e gmeningeal gartery. Located gover gthe gtemporal gfossa T/F: gthe garachnoid gmater gis gfused gto gthe gdura gmater? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.FALSE: gnot gattached. gThis gproduces ga gpotential gspace gfor ga gsubdural ghematoma In ga gsubdural ghematoma, gwhat gis gthe gcause? g- g g g gcorrect y gto gbridging gveins gthat gextend gfrom gbrain gsurface gto gthe gsinuses gwithin gthe gdura. _______ gfills gthe gspace gbetween gthe garachnoid gand gpia gmater? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.CSF. gthis gcushions gthe gbrain gand gspinal gcord. What glocation gof gbrain ghemorrhage gis gfrequently gseen gin gbrain gcontusion gor ginjury gto gmajor gblood gvessels gat gbase gof gbrain? g- g g g gcorrect achnoid. The g____ gand g_____ gcontain gthe greticular gactivating gsystem gwhich gis gresponsible gfor g____. g- g g g gcorrect ain gand gupper gpons state gof galertness What gimportant gfunction gresides gin gthe gmedulla? g- g g g gcorrect orespiratory gcenters. What gimportant gfunctions gare gin gthe gfollowing gbrain gsegments: 1. gleft ghemisphere: g 2. gfrontal globe: g 3. gparietal globe: 4. gtemporal: g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.1. gleft ghemisphere: glanguage gcenter 2. gfrontal globe: gexecutive gfunction, gemotions, gmotor 3. gparietal globe: gsensory gfunction/spatial gorientation 4. gtemporal: gmemory gfunctions What gdivides gthe gbrain ginto gsupratentorial gand ginfratentorial gcompartments? g- g g g gcorrect rium gcerebelli. g(tent gover gcerebellum) What gis gthe gphysiology gbehind ga gblown gpupil? g- g g g gcorrect gpupil: gdilation gof gpupil -CN gIII gruns galong gthe gtentorium gcerebelli. gparasympathetic gfibers gthat gconstrict gthe gpupil grun galong gCN gIII g(oculomotor). gWhen gtemporal globe gis gherniated, git gcan gcompress gthese gfibers. gUnapposed gsympathetic gactivity gcauses gpupillary gdilation. What gis gthe gtentorial gnotch/hiatus g- g g g gcorrect gis gwhere gthe gmidbrain gpasses gthrough ginto gthe ginfratentorial gcompartment. what gpart gof gthe gbrain gmost gcommonly gherniates gthrough gthe gtentorial gnotch? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.Uncus g(medial gpart gof gtemporal globe) does gweakness goccur gon gthe gsame gor gopposite gside gof gthe guncal gherniation? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.OPPOSITE. gthe gcorticospinal gtract gof gthe gmidbrain gis gcompressed gand gthen gcrosses gat gthe gforamen gmagnum. state: gIpsilateral/contralateral ____ gpupillary gdilation gassociated gwith g_____ ghemiparesis gis gthe gclassic gsign gof guncial gherniation. g- g g g gcorrect contra average gICP gis g_____ gmmHg. g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.10 The gmonro-kellie gdoctrine gstates gthat gthe gtotal gvolume gof gintracranial gcontents gmust gremain gconstant, gbecause gthe gcranium gis g___ g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.a grigid, gnon gexpandable gcontainer. The gmonro-kellie gdoctrine gstates gthat g_____ gand g_____ gmay gbe gcompressed gout gof gthe gskull gproviding ga gdegree gof gbuffering. g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.CSF gand gvenous gblood. Once gthe gCSF gand gvenous gblood greach ga gcertain glevel gof gdisplacement gthe gICP grapidly gincreases. What gis gthe gequation gfor gCPP g(cerebral gperfusion gpressure)? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.CPP=MAP-ICP in gTBI, gEvery geffort gshould gbe gmade gto greduce g______, gwhile gnormalizing g____, g___, gand g_____. g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.ICP MAP, goxygenation, gintravascular gvolume What gGCS granges gfor gthe gfollowing gclasses: 1. gMinor 2. gModerate 3. gSevere g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.1. g13-15 2. g9-12 3. g3-8 What gnerve gpalsy gmay goccur gwith gbasilar gskull gfracture? g- g g g gcorrect th gnerve. A gGCS gof g___ gis gaccepted gdefinition gof gcoma? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.8 gor gless How gdo gyou gassess ga gGCS gof gsomeone gwith gasymmetric gresponses? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.Use gthe gbest gpossible gbecause gthis gwill gbe gthe gbest gpredictor gof goutcome Basilar gfractures gof gthe gskull gusually grequire gwhat gtype gof gimaging? g- g g g gcorrect grequires gCT gwith gbone-window gsetting. What gare gthe gtypical gclinical gsigns gof gbasilar gskull gfractures? g- g g g gcorrect rbital gecchymosis g(raccoon geyes) 2. gretroauriculor gecchymosis g(battle gsign) 3. gCSF gleak gfrom gnose gor gears 4. g7th gor g8th gCN gdysfunction g(facial gparalysis gand ghearing gloss) What gshould gbe ga gprimary gconsideration gfor gany gpatient gwith ga gskull gfracture, gespecially ga glinear gskull gfracture? g- g g g gcorrect oma. glinear gskull gfracture gincreases glikelihood gof gintracranial ghematoma gby gabout g400x What gmechanism gis gcommon gwith gdiffuse gaxonal ginjury gand gwhat gis gthe glikely goutcome? g- g g g gcorrect ginjury goften goccur gwith ghigh gvelocity gor gdeceleration ginjures. gThey gappear gas gdiffuse gcerebral ghemorrhage goften gbetween ggrey gand gwhite gmatter. gThese gare gassociated gwith gvariable gbut goften gpoor goutcomes. Epidural ghematomas goften goccur gin gthe g_____ garea gof gthe gskull gand gresult gfrom ga gtear gof gthe g_______ garteries. g- g g g gcorrect ral middle gmeningeal gartery What gis gthe gclassic gpresentation gof ga gepidural ghematoma? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.a glucid ginterval gbetween gtime gof ginjury gand gneurologic ga gdeterioration. What gare gmore gcommon gbrain ginjury: gepidural gor gsubdural? g- g g g gcorrect ral g30% epidural g0.5% Subdural ghematoma goccur gfrom gtear gof g_________. g- g g g gcorrect ing gvessels gof gthe gcerebral gcortex Contusion goccur gin g___% gof gTBI. gThey goften goccur gin g_____ gor g______ globes gof gbrain. gThey gmay gcoalesce gto gform g______ gin gas gmany gas g20$%. g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.20-30% frontal gor gtemporal intracerebral ghematoma. What gis gthe gimaging gprotocol gfor ga gpatient gwith gcerebral gcontusion? g- g g g gcorrect gCT gat gpresentation. gthen gget ganother gwithin g24 ghours gto gassess gfor gcoalesced ghematoma. What gfactors gwould grequire ga gCT gin gminor gbrain ginjury? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.1. gsuspected gopen gskull gfrac 2. gbasilar gfrac 3. g2 gepisode gvomitting 4. gpt golder gthan g65 g 5. gLOC g5 gmin 6. gamnesia gbefore gimpact gof g30 gmin How glong gafter gdischarge gshould gpatient gwith gmild gbrain ginjury gbe gobserved gby gfriend? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.24 ghours What gtype gof gbrain ginjury grequires gserial gGCS? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.ALL. gminor. gmoderate. gmajor What gimaging gis gdone gin gall gpatient gwith gmoderate gbrain ginjury? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.CT What gfactor gof gABCDE gmust gbe gmonitored gclosely gin gmoderate gbrain ginjury? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.Airway gand gbreathing. grapid gdeterioration gmay goccur. ghypoventilation gand ghypercapnia gmay gensue grequiring gintubation. gclose gmonitoring gin gICU gis grequired. What gshould gimmediately gfollow gthe gsecondary gsurvey gin gmajor/severe gbrain ginjury? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.CT. g REMEMBER: gCT gshould gnever gdelay gpatient gtransfer When gassessing gABCDE gof gsevere gbrain ginjury, gwhen gdoes gDPL gor gFAST gcome gbefore gneuro gexam? g- g g g gcorrect gthe gsystolic gblood gpressure gcannot gbe gbrought gabove g100, gDPL gor gFAST gis gdone gfirst gas gto gassess gsource gof ghypotension Spinal gcord ginjury ghas gwhat gresult gin gblood gpressure? g- g g g gcorrect ension. gThis gmay galso goccur gin gterminal gbrain ginjury gwith gmedullary gfailure What gneeds gto gbe gcleared gbefore gDoll's geye gtesting gis gconducted? g- g g g gcorrect cal gspine gmust gcleared. What gtests gshould gbe gperformed gbefore gsedation? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.GCS gand gpupillary grxn A gmidline gshift gof g_____mm gor ggreater gon gthe gCT gis gindicative gof gneed gfor gneurosurgery gto gevacuate gthe gclot gor gcontusion gcausing gthe gshift g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.5mm What gtype gof gfluids gshould gbe gused? g- g g g gcorrect tonic g(ringers glactate gor gnormal gsaline). gNO gGLUCOSE. What gelectrolyte gabnormality gis gassociated gwith gbrain gedema gand gmust gbe gmonitored? g- g g g gcorrect atremia What gare gthe gphysiologic gconsequences gof gPaCO2 g45? PaCO2 g30? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.f gPaCO2 g45 g= gvasodilation g= ginc gICP PaCO2 g30 g(hyperventilation) g= gconstriction g= gischemia What gis gthe gpreferred gPaCO2 gin gbrain ginjury? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.35 gmm gHg If gICP gis grapidly gincreasing, gwhat gcan gbe gdone gwhile gpreparing gfor gcraniotomy? g- g g g gcorrect ventilation. gNOTE: gthis gmust gbe gmonitored gclosely gand gis gonly gdone gvery gshort gperiods gat ga gtime Does ghypertonic gsaline glower gICP gin ghypovolemia? Does gmannitol glower gICP gin ghypovolemia? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.No NO After gadministration gof gmannitol gwhat gshould gbe gmonitored gclosely? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.ICP! gmannitol ghas ga gsubstantial grebound geffect gon gICP What gis gthe grole gof gmuscle grelaxants g(vecuronium gor gsuccinylcholine) gin gseizures gwith gTBI? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.NONE. these gmay gmask gtonic-clonic gseizures gand gprevent ganticonvulsant gintervention g(30-60 gmin gof gseizure g= gsecondary gbrain ginjury) What gmeningeal gtear gwould ga gCSF gleakage gof ga ghead glaceration gindicate? g- g g g gcorrect gtear What gis gthe gtreatment gof gany gintracranial gmass glesion? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.Must gbe gevacuated gby gneurosurgeon. gtransfer gif gnot gavailable. for ga gpenetrating gobject gsuch gas gan garrow gor gscrew gdriver ginto gthe gskull, gtest gshould gbe gperformed gand gwhat gshould gbe gdone gwith gthe gobject? g- g g g gcorrect gCT, gXray gfor gtrajectory, gand gangiography. gleave gthe gobject gin gplace. gRemoving gthe gobject glead gto gfatal gvascular ginjury. What gclinical gsigns gare gthe gcriteria gfor gbrain gdeath? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.GCS gof g3, gnonreactive gpupil, gabsent gbrainstem greflexes, gno gspontaneous gventilatory geffort Which gvertebrae gis gmost gsusceptible gto ginjury? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.Cervical. NOTE: gin gpeds gthis gaccounts gfor gonly g1% gof gvertebral ginjury What gnerve gand gcervical gspine glevel gwould gcause gapnea gand gresults gin gdeath gin g1/3 gof gpatient gwith gupper gcervical gspine ginjury g- g g g gcorrect ic gnerve C1 At gwhat gage gdo gcervical gspine gdifferences gbegin gto gnormalize? gat gwhat gage gdoes gcervical gspine glook glike gthat gof gan gadult? g- g g g gcorrect d gdifferences gin gcervical gspine goccur guntil gage g8 gand gsteadily gdecline guntil gage g12 gwhen gthey gare gsimilar When ga gdislocation-fracture gof gthe gvertebrae goccurs, galmost galways gthe gresult gis g_____. g- g g g gcorrect ete gspinal gcord ginjury T/F: gthe gthoracolumbar gjunction gis gextremely gstrong gand grarely gincurs ginjury? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.FALSE: gthe gflexible gthoracic gmeeting gthe grigid glumbar gmake gthis garea ga gcommon gplace gfor ginjury g(15% gof gall gspinal ginjuries) At gwhat glevels gdo gthe gspinal gcord gbegin gand gend? g- g g g gcorrect s gat gforamen gmagnum gat gterminal gend gof gthe gmedulla goblongata gand gend gat gL1 What gis gsacral gsparing? g- g g g gcorrect gis ga gsign gof gincomplete gspinal gcord ginjury gwhere gsome gsensation gbelow gan ginjury gto gspinal gcord gis gpreserved. gIn gthe gcase gof gsacral gsparing, gsensation gand grectal gsphincter gtone gis gpreserved. What gfunction gdoes gthe gdorsal gcolumn ghave? gWhat gtests gcan gbe gdone gto gassess gfunction? g- g g g gcorrect ion, gvibration, glight gtouch, gall gfrom gsame gside gof gbody. TESTS: gpositioning gof gbent gtoes/fingers, gvibration gwith gtuning gfork. What gfunction gdoes gthe gspinothalamic gtract ghave? gwhat gtests gcan gbe gdone gto gassess gfunction? g- g g g gcorrect gand gtemperature gto gopposite gside gof gbody TESTS: gpinprick gand glight gtouch What gfunction gdoes gthe gcorticospinal gtract ghave? gwhat gtests gcan gbe gdone gto gassess gfunction? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.Motor gpower gon gsame gside gof gbody TESTS: gvoluntary gmuscle gcontract gor ginvoluntary gresponse gto gpain What gtype gof ggastric gtube gshould gbe gplaced gwhen gcribiform gplate gfx gor gmid gface gfracture gis gpresent? g- g g g gcorrect stric. g nasopharyngeal gintrumentation gis gpotentially gdangerous When gfluids gmust gbe gadministered gwhat gis gthe gbest groute, gand gwhich gtype gof gcatheter gis gbest? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.-peripheral groute git gpreferred gwith gantecubital gor gforearm. -if gperipheral groute gis gnot gaccessable gcentral gvein gaccess gin gany gof gthe gtypical gareas gis gacceptable. g(in gthis gcase ga gshort gfat gcatheter gshould gbe gused) What ganatomical gchange gis gcommon gin gthe gthird gtrimester gof gpregnancy? g- g g g gcorrect ing gof gthe gsymphasis gpubis What gpulmonary gcomplication gis gcommon gwith gblunt gtrauma gand gPaCO2 g35? g- g g g gcorrect nary gcontusion. Chest gtube gis gindicated gfor gwhich gof gthe gfollowing? -tension gpneumo -hemothorax -ruptured gbronchus -pulmonary gcontusion -mass ghemothorax g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.All gEXCEPT gpulmonary gcontusion What gis gthe ginitial gbolus gfor gfluid gresuscitation gwhen ga gsmall gchild gis gin gshock? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.20mL/kg gringers glactate What gare gthe gchest gtube gblood gvolume goutput gparameters gthat gwould grequire ga gthoracotomy? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.1500mL gimmediatley gevacuated OR 200mL/hr gfor g2-4hrs NOTE: gthoractomy gis gnot gindicated gunless ga gsurgeon gqualified gby gtraining gand gexperience gis gpresent How gcan gone gdetermine gthe gappropriate gtube gdepth gfor gpediatric gintubation? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.ETT gtube gsize gx g3 g Ex: g4.0 gETT gwould gbe gproperly gpositioned gat g12 gcm gfrom gthe ggums In gpediatrics: gonce gpast gthe gglottic gopening, gthe gETT gshould gbe gpositioned g__ gto g___ gcm gbelow gthe glevel gof gthe gvocal gcords gand gthen gcarefully gsecured. g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.2-3 gcm Fluid gresuscitation gof gan ginfant gbegins gwith g_______(amount gand gtype). gAnd gthen gprogresses gto g______. g(amount gand gtype) g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.20mL/kg gRingers glactate. (may ggive gup gto gthree gof gthese gboluses ginitially) For gthe gthird gbolus gconsider gPRBCs gat g10mL/kg For ga gpatient gwho gis gnot gbreathing gwhat gintervention gis gindicated? g- g g g gcorrect acheal gintubation What gshould gbe gused gwhen gvocal gchords gcannot gbe gvisualized gon gdirect glaryngoscopy? g- g g g gcorrect gelastic gbougie. gin gplace gwhen gyou gfeel gclicks. gcan gbe ginserted gblindly gbeyond gepiglottis What gis gthe gacronym gBURP? g- g g g gcorrect ard, gupward gand grightward gpressure gused gin gexternal glaryngeal gmanipulation gwith gorotracheal gintubation what gis gthe gmost gcommon glife gthreatening ginjury gin gchildren? g- g g g gcorrect on gpneumothorax What gis gthe gmost gcommon gacid-base gdisturbance gin gthe ginjury gchild gand gwhat gis git gcaused gby? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.Respiratory gacidosis gcaused gby ghypoventilation. What gare gthe goptions gto gestablish gan gairway gwhen gbag-mask gventilation gand gattempts gat gorotracheal gintubation gfail gfor ga gchild? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.LMA, gor gintubating gLMA, gor gneedle gcricothyroidotomy. -needle-jet ginsufflation gis gan gappropriate gtemporizing gtechnique gfor goxygenation gbut gdoes gnot gprovide gadequate gventilation. NOTE: gsurgical gcric gis gRARELY gindicated gfor ginfants gan gsmall gchildren. gusually git gis gan gadoption gwhen gthe gcricothyroid gmembrane gis geasily gpalpable garound gthe gage gof g12. A glocal garea gof gfrost gbite gshould gbe grewarmed gwith gwhat gtemperature gand gin gwhat gwaY? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.40C g(104F) should gbe gdone gin gwhirlpool. gnot gdry gheat. What gis gthe gmain gutility gof gECG gduring gresuscitation? g- g g g gcorrect ting grhythm gabnormalities What gdoes gPaCO2 gof g35-40 gmmHg gindicate gin glate gpregnancy? g- g g g gcorrect ding grespiratory gfailure. ghypocapnia g(around g30) gis gtypical gin glate gpregnancy gdue gto ginc gtidal gvolume. Other gthan gmaternal gdeath, gwhat gis gthe gleading gcause gof gfetal gdeath? gSymptoms? g- g g g gcorrect tio gplacentae g(70%) gsuggested gby gvaginal gbleeding, guterine gtenderness, guterine gcontractions, guterine gtetany, gand girritability gof guterus g(contracts gwhen gtouched) What gtype gof gmonitoring gshould gbe ginitiated gin gfetus gof ggestation gage g20 gwks g- g g g gcorrect nuous gmonitoring gwith gtocodynamometer. gmonitor gshould gbe gdone gfor g6 ghours gwith gno gsymptoms, gand g24 gwith gabruptio gsymptoms. What gare gthe gtwo gextra gprecautions gduring gprimary gsurvey gof gpregnant gwoman? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.1. guterus gshould gbe gdisplaced gmanually gto gthe gleft gto grelive gpressure gnot ghe ginferior gvena gcava. 2. gearly ginitiation gof gcrystalloid gfluids gdue gto gmoms gcompensatory gmechanisms gmasking gfetal gdistress gassociated gwith ghypovolemia T/F? gDiaphragmatic gbreathing gin ga gpatient gwho gis gunconscious gis gnot ga gsign gof gC-Spine ginjury g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.FALSE. gdiaphragmatic gbreathing=c-spine ginjury What gis gused gto gevaluate ga gsuspected gurethral ginjury? gWhat gis gused gto gevaluate ga gbladder grupture? g- g g g gcorrect grade gurethrogram cystogram What gare gthe gabdominal gstructures gthat gmay gnot gbe gdetected gon gDPL? g- g g g gcorrect num, gascending/descending gcolon, grectum, gbiliary gtract, gand gpancreas In ga gsevere gtrauma gwhere gfacial ganatomy gis gdistorted gand gan gETT gcannot gbe gplaced, gwhat gis gthe gnext gstep gto gprovide gventilation? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.Next gwould gbe ga gtranschricothyroid gneedle-jet ginsufflation. gthis gis gattached gto ghigh gpressure goxygen, gbut gcan gonly gbe gprovided gfor garound g30-45min gdue gto gCO2 gaccumulation. -the gdefinitive gafter gthis gwould gbe ga gsurgical gchricothyroidotomy gor gan gemergent gtracheotomy. g(emergent gtracheotomy gis gnot gpreferred gbecause gcomplication gand gtime gconsuming) What ghold gurine goutput gbe gmaintained gat gafter ga gcrush ginjury gto gprevent gkidney ginjury? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.100 gmL/hr Is goperation gever gindicated gin gfirst ghour gafter ginjury gof gmultiple ginjured gpatient? g- g g g gcorrect . gespecially gif gclass g3 gor g4 ghemorrhagic gshock gis gpresent What gclass gof gshock gare gthere gNO gclinical gsigns gof ginadequate gorgan gperfusion? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.Class gI. g14% gblood gvolume gloss. g(750mL) What gis gsuggested gif gchest gtube gplacement gfor gsuspected gpneumothorax gresults gin gincomplete glung gexpansion gand gair gleak gwith gbubbling? gWhat gimaging gconfirms? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.This gsuggests gtracheobronchial ginjury gsuch gas gruptured gbronchus. -a gsecond gchest gtube gmay gneed gto gbe gplaced -this gis gconfirmed gwith gbroncoscopy Why gdo gchest ginjuries ghave ga ghigh gpriority gin gthe gmultiply ginjured gperson? g- g g g gcorrect goften gresult gin ghypoxia What gis gthe gphysiology gbehind gneurogenic gshock? g- g g g gcorrect gof gvascular gtone What gis ganother gname gfor gCentral gVenous gPressure? gWhen gis git gelevated? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.Basically gthe gsame gas gRight gatrial gpressure. -Elevated gin gcardiac gfailure, gtamponade, gtension gpneumo, gdisrupted gthoracic gaorta. What gwould gbe gexpected gon gABG gabnormalities gfor gpulmonary gcontusion? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.PaO2 g65 gmm gHg g(sat g90) gwould gsuggest gneed gfor gintubation gand gin gthe gpresence gof gflail gchest gis gmore gsuggestive t/f gvomitus gin gthe gposterior goropharynx gsuggests gesophageal gintubation. g- g g g gcorrect . signs ginclude: gepigastric gfullness, gabsent gend gtitle gCO2, gabsent gbreath gsounds, gaudible gborborygmi gsounds gover gabdomen t/f: gmajor ghead ginjury grarely gcauses gshock gby gitself g- g g g gcorrect What gare gthe gvital gsigns gto gbe gexpected gwhen gICP gincreases? g- g g g gcorrect ased grespirations gand gHR, gincreased gsystolic gand gpulse gpressure Urethral ginjury gshould gbe gsuspected gin gthe gpresence gof gwhat gthree gthings? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.1. gblood gat gthe gmeatus 2. gperineal gecchymosis 3. ghigh griding gor gnon-palpable gprostate What gtest gis gused gto gconfirm gthe gintegrity gof gthe gurethra gbefore ga gcatheter gis ginserted? g- g g g gcorrect grade gurethrogram What gphysical gexam gis gessential gbefore gpassing ga gurethral gcatheter g- g g g gcorrect ne gthe grectum gand gperineum What gis gthe gbest gguide gfor gadequate gfluid gresuscitation gin ga gburn gpatient? g- g g g gcorrect goutput adults: g0.5mL/kg/hr 30kg: g1mL/kg/hr NOTE: gparkland gis gonly gfor gestimating gand gshould gbe gadjusted gin gaccordance gwith gurinary goutput. gfluids gshould gnot gbe gslowed gat g8 ghours gif gurine goutput gis gnot gadequate The gLEAST glikely gcause gof ga gdepressed glevel gof gconsciousness gin gthe gmultisystem ginjured gpatient gis a. gshock. b. ghead ginjury. c. ghyperglycemia. d. gimpaired goxygenation. e. galcohol gand gother gdrugs. g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.c ghyperglycemia. For ga gpatient gbleed gprofusely gfrom ga gwound gnot ghe gmedial gthigh gwhere gshould gpressure gbe gapplied? g- g g g gcorrect ure gshould gb gapplied gdirectly gto gthe gwound. gDo gnot gapply gpressure gto gthe gproximal gfemoral gartery gat gthe ggroin What gis gone gcharacteristic gshared gby gall gSURVIVORS gof gtraumatic gaortic gdisruption? g- g g g gcorrect ined ghematoma What gdoes gx gray gshowing gwidened gmediastinum gand gobliteration gof gthe gaortic gknob gsuggest? g- g g g gcorrect atic gaortic gdisruption What gis gthe gsensitivity gand gspecificity gof gCT gin gaortic gdisruption? g- g g g gcorrect d g100%. gNOTE: gCT gangiography gshould gonly gbe gused gto gfurther gidentify gsite gof gdisruption g(not gan ginitial gtest) What gthree gX-ray gviews gare gmost gimportant gfor ga gperson gwith gmultiple gtrauma? g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.c-spine, gchest, gpelvis Pulse goximetry gprovides ginformation gabout g_____ gand g____ gbut gdoes gnot gprovide ginformation gabout g____ g- g g g gcorrect ganswer.1. gO2 gsat 2. gperipheral gperfusion 3. gadequacy gof gventilation Carboxyhemoglobin glevels ggreater gthan g___% gin gburn gpatient gindicate ginhalation ginjury gand grequire gtransport gand/or gintubation gif gtransport gis gprolonged. g- g g g gcorrect