NR503 Questions and Answers | Epidemiology
The nurse practitioner is reviewing a recent study that utilizes analytic epidemiology by
means of a cohort study design. The cohort study design informs the practitioner about
which of the following *** Outcomes that develop from an exposure
A group of providers have implemented population-based intervention and are now
assessing the efficacy of the intervention. Which of the following would be an example
of a population based outcome? *** Decreased mortality rate compared to previous
year
Appraisal of research publications is critical as providers assess for relevance to
population health. Which of the following items should be considered during the
appraisal process? Select all that apply. *** Outcome measure, Transparency, Internal
Validity
What is being compared in a cohort study design? *** The incidence of a disease
between exposed and non-exposed individuals
Analytic epidemiology is best described as: *** Studies that investigate origins and
casuals' factors of health-related events
You are part of a research group investigating association between exposure and
disease. Which study design is a best fit for this type of study: *** Case-Control Study
The provider is concerned about what appears to be an increase in the mortality rate for
their community. Mortality is an example of which of the following: *** Vital statistic
An example of a tertiary prevention measure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
is: *** Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Which of the following statements best describe efficacy? *** It is an estimate of the
benefit of treatment under ideal conditions
It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups
A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for reducing
heart disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an additional study is
done restricting the participants to be randomized to those who have a history of
hypertension. Which of the following advantages cannot be claimed by the researchers?
*** The generalizability of the study is increased
What is the main advantage of the randomization of the 168 study participants to one of
the two drug treatment groups? *** Reduces selection bias
, After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those who had
a previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other cardiovascular
diseases such as congestive heart failure, and those with a first AMI who were at low
risk for other cardiovascular diseases. Which term best describes the study design? ***
Randomized clinical trial with stratified randomization
After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were men,
while 80% of those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is most likely to be
true? *** Randomization was successful since the investigators did not alter the
selection of participants in either group in order to ensure equal percentages of men
A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months and found that 87% of participants
in the placebo group and 85% of those in the drug X group had taken more than 90% of
their prescribed dosages. Which statement best describes this finding? *** The
characteristics of patients who failed to comply with the treatment dosages should be
assessed as they may differ from those who complied
Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the study as
a double-blind trial? *** Double blinding ensures that potential biases regarding
selection, follow-up, and analysis can be reduced
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control ..... brochures and a
monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and
24 months after randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below. Which
group had the least success in terms of quitting smoking? *** Group QS
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control group C who received
no intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who received brochures about how to
quit smoking, quitting guide and support group QS who received quitting brochures as
well as social support brochures listing benefits of smoking cessation, and telephone
support group T who received the brochures and a monthly phone call from a
counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24 months after
randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below. What is the main
purpose of randomization in this study? *** To avoid assigning more persons who
have tried and failed to quit in the past to the control group
Test A has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 90%. Test B has a sensitivity of 80%
and a specificity of 98%. In a community of 10,000 people with 5% prevalence of the
disease, Test A has always been given before Test B. What is the best reason for
changing the order of the tests? *** The total number of false positives found by both
tests is decreased if Test B is given first
This table represents the results of coronary magnetic resonance (CMR) angiography
compared to x-ray angiography (the gold standard in diagnosis of coronary artery
The nurse practitioner is reviewing a recent study that utilizes analytic epidemiology by
means of a cohort study design. The cohort study design informs the practitioner about
which of the following *** Outcomes that develop from an exposure
A group of providers have implemented population-based intervention and are now
assessing the efficacy of the intervention. Which of the following would be an example
of a population based outcome? *** Decreased mortality rate compared to previous
year
Appraisal of research publications is critical as providers assess for relevance to
population health. Which of the following items should be considered during the
appraisal process? Select all that apply. *** Outcome measure, Transparency, Internal
Validity
What is being compared in a cohort study design? *** The incidence of a disease
between exposed and non-exposed individuals
Analytic epidemiology is best described as: *** Studies that investigate origins and
casuals' factors of health-related events
You are part of a research group investigating association between exposure and
disease. Which study design is a best fit for this type of study: *** Case-Control Study
The provider is concerned about what appears to be an increase in the mortality rate for
their community. Mortality is an example of which of the following: *** Vital statistic
An example of a tertiary prevention measure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
is: *** Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Which of the following statements best describe efficacy? *** It is an estimate of the
benefit of treatment under ideal conditions
It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups
A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for reducing
heart disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an additional study is
done restricting the participants to be randomized to those who have a history of
hypertension. Which of the following advantages cannot be claimed by the researchers?
*** The generalizability of the study is increased
What is the main advantage of the randomization of the 168 study participants to one of
the two drug treatment groups? *** Reduces selection bias
, After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those who had
a previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other cardiovascular
diseases such as congestive heart failure, and those with a first AMI who were at low
risk for other cardiovascular diseases. Which term best describes the study design? ***
Randomized clinical trial with stratified randomization
After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were men,
while 80% of those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is most likely to be
true? *** Randomization was successful since the investigators did not alter the
selection of participants in either group in order to ensure equal percentages of men
A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months and found that 87% of participants
in the placebo group and 85% of those in the drug X group had taken more than 90% of
their prescribed dosages. Which statement best describes this finding? *** The
characteristics of patients who failed to comply with the treatment dosages should be
assessed as they may differ from those who complied
Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the study as
a double-blind trial? *** Double blinding ensures that potential biases regarding
selection, follow-up, and analysis can be reduced
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control ..... brochures and a
monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and
24 months after randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below. Which
group had the least success in terms of quitting smoking? *** Group QS
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control group C who received
no intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who received brochures about how to
quit smoking, quitting guide and support group QS who received quitting brochures as
well as social support brochures listing benefits of smoking cessation, and telephone
support group T who received the brochures and a monthly phone call from a
counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24 months after
randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below. What is the main
purpose of randomization in this study? *** To avoid assigning more persons who
have tried and failed to quit in the past to the control group
Test A has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 90%. Test B has a sensitivity of 80%
and a specificity of 98%. In a community of 10,000 people with 5% prevalence of the
disease, Test A has always been given before Test B. What is the best reason for
changing the order of the tests? *** The total number of false positives found by both
tests is decreased if Test B is given first
This table represents the results of coronary magnetic resonance (CMR) angiography
compared to x-ray angiography (the gold standard in diagnosis of coronary artery
