ANSC 221 EXAM 2 Questions With Verified
Answers
lips
-most important for animals without hands, prehension (horse), sifting food, swallowing;
-least important to chicken (no lips, beak)
lips of pigs immobile, used for protection
teeth
mastication, particle size reduction
-chewing important for ruminant animals-more they chew, more HCO3 produced, affects rumen
fermentation
tongue
swallowing
teeth carnivore
tearing
teeth omnivore
can chew food
teeth pig
cheek teeth w cone shaped or rounded cups for crushing food
herbivore teeth
only front teeth on bottom and pad on top
saliva
beginning of digestion for non-ruminant animals
-Mucous: to moisten food and stick it together, lubricate for swallowing
-Amylase (pytalin in humans): digest carbohydrates
-Bicarbonate in ruminants: produce large amounts of acid in rumen via fermentation, acid is buffered
in part from bicarbonate from saliva
esophagus
-connects mouth with stomach, food is moved from mouth to stomach by muscular contraction called
peristalsis
-reverse-peristalsis= vomiting, direction of contractions is reversed
-segmentation: occurs in small intestine; contraction, churning and mixing of food
stomach
storage
chemical digestion
pyloric sphincter
controls movement of gastric contents between stomach and small intestine
,non-ruminant stomach-regions
4 regions
esophageal
cardiac
fundin
pyloric
proventriculous
follows crop, ahead of gizzard
stomach like a mammal
avian
duodenum
closest to stomach, most active digestion
jejunum
absorption
ileum
absorb B12, anything that wasn't absorbed
large intestine
food that was not absorbed
colon
storage
absorption of water
cecum
bind pouch at junction of small and large intestine
non ruminant herbivores (horses, rabbits)
provides post-abortive fermentation vat
digests cellulose, does not provide protein, results in VFAs
liver
produces bile
bile
emulsifies fat
gall bladder
stores bile
rumen
, big fermentation vat
papilla
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
remodel proteins, manufacture essential amino acids
utilize NPN
manufacture B vitamins
reticulum
hardware stomach
honeycomb
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
regurgitation
omasum
many piles
filter of larger particles
abomasum
true stomach
HCL
enzymes
rectum
final section of the large intestine, connects to sphincter
cloaca
only opening for urinary, intestinal, and reproductive opening for birds and reptiles
cecae
cavity where large intestine begins and ileum opens, twin T junctions between large and small
intestine
amylase
only nonruminants
digest CHO
mouth
HCO3 only in ruminant
bicarbonate
mouth
buffer VFAs
HCL
stomach
activate pepsinogen
digestion
makes stomach acid
Answers
lips
-most important for animals without hands, prehension (horse), sifting food, swallowing;
-least important to chicken (no lips, beak)
lips of pigs immobile, used for protection
teeth
mastication, particle size reduction
-chewing important for ruminant animals-more they chew, more HCO3 produced, affects rumen
fermentation
tongue
swallowing
teeth carnivore
tearing
teeth omnivore
can chew food
teeth pig
cheek teeth w cone shaped or rounded cups for crushing food
herbivore teeth
only front teeth on bottom and pad on top
saliva
beginning of digestion for non-ruminant animals
-Mucous: to moisten food and stick it together, lubricate for swallowing
-Amylase (pytalin in humans): digest carbohydrates
-Bicarbonate in ruminants: produce large amounts of acid in rumen via fermentation, acid is buffered
in part from bicarbonate from saliva
esophagus
-connects mouth with stomach, food is moved from mouth to stomach by muscular contraction called
peristalsis
-reverse-peristalsis= vomiting, direction of contractions is reversed
-segmentation: occurs in small intestine; contraction, churning and mixing of food
stomach
storage
chemical digestion
pyloric sphincter
controls movement of gastric contents between stomach and small intestine
,non-ruminant stomach-regions
4 regions
esophageal
cardiac
fundin
pyloric
proventriculous
follows crop, ahead of gizzard
stomach like a mammal
avian
duodenum
closest to stomach, most active digestion
jejunum
absorption
ileum
absorb B12, anything that wasn't absorbed
large intestine
food that was not absorbed
colon
storage
absorption of water
cecum
bind pouch at junction of small and large intestine
non ruminant herbivores (horses, rabbits)
provides post-abortive fermentation vat
digests cellulose, does not provide protein, results in VFAs
liver
produces bile
bile
emulsifies fat
gall bladder
stores bile
rumen
, big fermentation vat
papilla
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
remodel proteins, manufacture essential amino acids
utilize NPN
manufacture B vitamins
reticulum
hardware stomach
honeycomb
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
regurgitation
omasum
many piles
filter of larger particles
abomasum
true stomach
HCL
enzymes
rectum
final section of the large intestine, connects to sphincter
cloaca
only opening for urinary, intestinal, and reproductive opening for birds and reptiles
cecae
cavity where large intestine begins and ileum opens, twin T junctions between large and small
intestine
amylase
only nonruminants
digest CHO
mouth
HCO3 only in ruminant
bicarbonate
mouth
buffer VFAs
HCL
stomach
activate pepsinogen
digestion
makes stomach acid
