final exam can
What is FSC? What do they do? - correct answer-Forest Stewardship Council
Certifies forests, companies and products that meet sustainability standards
Who is Thomas Lovejoy? - correct answer-Founder of BDFFP (Biological Dynamics of
Forest Fragments Project)
He went to the Amazon Rainforest and purposefully created forest fragments
What is BDFFP? - correct answer-Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
What is species richness? - correct answer-the number of species in a community
How does fragmentation affect species richness? - correct answer-Affects it negatively.
Species richness declines due to fragmentation
What are "edge effects"? - correct answer-Impacts to organisms/populations/communities
that result from conditions along the "edge" of a habitat being different from conditions in the
interior
*small fragments can become "all edge"
How much of Earth's land do forests cover? - correct answer-31% of Earths land surface
True or False: Forests are ecologically complex - correct answer-True
What is a primary forest? - correct answer-Natural forests uncut by humans
What are secondary forests? - correct answer-Secondary growth (smaller younger trees).
Species composition, nutrient balance and structure may be degraded.
Ex. Replanting of trees
What ecosystems services do forests provide? - correct answer-Carbon storage (CO2 is
removed from atmosphere and stored in wood)
Produce oxygen, purify water, stabilize soil, provide fuel wood, lumber, paper, medicines,
etc.
What is deforestation and what are the effects? - correct answer-Clearing and loss of
forests. Alters ecosystems, disrupts ecosystem services, reduces biodiversity, worsens
climate change
What is natural resource management? - correct answer-Harvesting potentially renewable
resources without depleting them
, We manage soil, timber, water, rangeland
What does traditional forest management look like? - correct answer-Low diversity -
monocultures. Managed for timber production.
The balance between ecological importances and demand for products
What is maximum sustainable yield? - correct answer-Extracting the maximum amount of
the resource without depleting it
Do we harvest timber from public lands or private lands? - correct answer-Both!
Private - owned by timber company or small landowners
Public - managed by US Forest Service
What is plantation forestry? - correct answer-Production of fast growing trees planted at the
same time in monocultures
Similar to crop agriculture.
Habitat diversity low = biodiversity low
What is monoculture? - correct answer-the production of a single crop in a given area (one
single species)
What are the methods of harvesting trees? - correct answer-Clear cutting: all trees in an
area are cut at once
Shelterwood (Seed time): some adult trees are left with the new seeds
Selection: more babies and adult trees are left with the new seeds
How did US Forest Service shape fire policies? - correct answer-In the past, fire was always
viewed as a negative and suppressed. US Forest Service campaigned against fires (Smokey
Bear)
What are ladder fuels? - correct answer-Fuels that allow a surface fire to climb or move into
the crowns of trees
Small trees carry the fire to taller adult trees
What are low intensity fires? - correct answer-- Start by lightning
- Burn along the ground, do not reach crowns
- Burns in patches
- Kills only small trees
- Not that hot
- Used in "controlled" or "prescribed" burns
What are high intensity fires? - correct answer-- Most of the time results from fire
suppression and subsequent buildup of dead wood
What is FSC? What do they do? - correct answer-Forest Stewardship Council
Certifies forests, companies and products that meet sustainability standards
Who is Thomas Lovejoy? - correct answer-Founder of BDFFP (Biological Dynamics of
Forest Fragments Project)
He went to the Amazon Rainforest and purposefully created forest fragments
What is BDFFP? - correct answer-Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
What is species richness? - correct answer-the number of species in a community
How does fragmentation affect species richness? - correct answer-Affects it negatively.
Species richness declines due to fragmentation
What are "edge effects"? - correct answer-Impacts to organisms/populations/communities
that result from conditions along the "edge" of a habitat being different from conditions in the
interior
*small fragments can become "all edge"
How much of Earth's land do forests cover? - correct answer-31% of Earths land surface
True or False: Forests are ecologically complex - correct answer-True
What is a primary forest? - correct answer-Natural forests uncut by humans
What are secondary forests? - correct answer-Secondary growth (smaller younger trees).
Species composition, nutrient balance and structure may be degraded.
Ex. Replanting of trees
What ecosystems services do forests provide? - correct answer-Carbon storage (CO2 is
removed from atmosphere and stored in wood)
Produce oxygen, purify water, stabilize soil, provide fuel wood, lumber, paper, medicines,
etc.
What is deforestation and what are the effects? - correct answer-Clearing and loss of
forests. Alters ecosystems, disrupts ecosystem services, reduces biodiversity, worsens
climate change
What is natural resource management? - correct answer-Harvesting potentially renewable
resources without depleting them
, We manage soil, timber, water, rangeland
What does traditional forest management look like? - correct answer-Low diversity -
monocultures. Managed for timber production.
The balance between ecological importances and demand for products
What is maximum sustainable yield? - correct answer-Extracting the maximum amount of
the resource without depleting it
Do we harvest timber from public lands or private lands? - correct answer-Both!
Private - owned by timber company or small landowners
Public - managed by US Forest Service
What is plantation forestry? - correct answer-Production of fast growing trees planted at the
same time in monocultures
Similar to crop agriculture.
Habitat diversity low = biodiversity low
What is monoculture? - correct answer-the production of a single crop in a given area (one
single species)
What are the methods of harvesting trees? - correct answer-Clear cutting: all trees in an
area are cut at once
Shelterwood (Seed time): some adult trees are left with the new seeds
Selection: more babies and adult trees are left with the new seeds
How did US Forest Service shape fire policies? - correct answer-In the past, fire was always
viewed as a negative and suppressed. US Forest Service campaigned against fires (Smokey
Bear)
What are ladder fuels? - correct answer-Fuels that allow a surface fire to climb or move into
the crowns of trees
Small trees carry the fire to taller adult trees
What are low intensity fires? - correct answer-- Start by lightning
- Burn along the ground, do not reach crowns
- Burns in patches
- Kills only small trees
- Not that hot
- Used in "controlled" or "prescribed" burns
What are high intensity fires? - correct answer-- Most of the time results from fire
suppression and subsequent buildup of dead wood
