FISDAP Airway Exam
structures that aid breathing - correct answer-diaphragm, intercostal muscles, nerves of brain
and spinal cord that innervate those muscles
visceral tissue - correct answer-tissue that lines lungs
parietal tissue - correct answer-lines inside of thoracic cavity
mediastinum - correct answer-space between lungs surrounded by tough connective tissue;
contains the heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea, major bronchi, and many nerves
phrenic nerves - correct answer-originates from 3rd, 4th, and 5th cervical nerves; innervates
diaphragm muscle allowing it to contract
air enters the body... - correct answer-because negative pressure is created when thoracic
cavity enlarges due to contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
partial pressure - correct answer-term used to describe amount of air dissolved in fluids,
such as blood
partial pressure of oxygen in air within alveoli - correct answer-104 mm Hg
CO2 enters alveoli from blood causes partial pressure - correct answer-40 mm Hg
tidal volume - correct answer-amount of air (mL) that is moved into or out of lungs during one
breath
residual volume - correct answer-amount of air remains in lungs after maximal expiration
alveolar ventilation - correct answer-volume of air that reaches alveoli; calculated by
subtracting amount of dead space air from tidal volume
minute volume - correct answer-amount of air moved in 1 minute; calculated by multiplying
tidal volume and breathing rate
alveolar minute volume - correct answer-volume of air moved in 1 minute minus dead space;
multiply tidal volume (minus dead space) and breathing rate
vital capacity - correct answer-amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs after
breathing as deeply as possible
dead space - correct answer-portion of tidal volume that does not reach alveoli and does not
participate gas exchange
, recovery position - correct answer-used to help maintain airway in UNCONSCIOUS and
uninjured patient breathing on own
oxygen toxicity - correct answer-damage to cellular tissue due to excessive oxygen levels in
blood
oxygen devices - correct answer-nasal cannula: 1-6 L/min, 24%-44%
NRB mask with reservoir: 10-15 L/min, up to 99%
bag-mask with reservoir: 15 L/min, nearly 100%
atelectasis - correct answer-collapsed alveoli
pulmonary edema - correct answer-fluid build up within alveoli and lung tissue between
alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
usually result of congestive heart failure
asthma - correct answer-wheezing on inspiration/expiration
bronchospasm
anaphalaxis - correct answer-flushed skin or hives (urticaria)
generalized edema
decreased BP (hypotension)
laryngeal edema with dyspnea
wheezing or stridor
hay fever - correct answer-allergic rhinitis
causes cold-like symptoms
hyperventilation - correct answer-rapid breathing to point that level of arterial carbon dioxide
falls below normal
acidosis (hyperventilation) - correct answer-buildup of excess acid in blood or body tissue
that results from primary illness
alkalosis (hyperventilation) - correct answer-buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in body
fluids
normal breathing - correct answer-vesicular breath sounds & bronchial breath sounds
decreased, absent, or abnormal breath sounds - correct answer-adventitious breath sounds
wheezing - correct answer-indicates constriction/inflammation in bronchus; high-pitched,
almost musical/whistling sound on exhalation
crackles - correct answer-formerly called rales; crackling or bubbling sound; high-pitched
known as fine crackles; low-pitched known as coarse crackles on inspiration
rhonchi - correct answer-low-pitched rattling sounds
structures that aid breathing - correct answer-diaphragm, intercostal muscles, nerves of brain
and spinal cord that innervate those muscles
visceral tissue - correct answer-tissue that lines lungs
parietal tissue - correct answer-lines inside of thoracic cavity
mediastinum - correct answer-space between lungs surrounded by tough connective tissue;
contains the heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea, major bronchi, and many nerves
phrenic nerves - correct answer-originates from 3rd, 4th, and 5th cervical nerves; innervates
diaphragm muscle allowing it to contract
air enters the body... - correct answer-because negative pressure is created when thoracic
cavity enlarges due to contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
partial pressure - correct answer-term used to describe amount of air dissolved in fluids,
such as blood
partial pressure of oxygen in air within alveoli - correct answer-104 mm Hg
CO2 enters alveoli from blood causes partial pressure - correct answer-40 mm Hg
tidal volume - correct answer-amount of air (mL) that is moved into or out of lungs during one
breath
residual volume - correct answer-amount of air remains in lungs after maximal expiration
alveolar ventilation - correct answer-volume of air that reaches alveoli; calculated by
subtracting amount of dead space air from tidal volume
minute volume - correct answer-amount of air moved in 1 minute; calculated by multiplying
tidal volume and breathing rate
alveolar minute volume - correct answer-volume of air moved in 1 minute minus dead space;
multiply tidal volume (minus dead space) and breathing rate
vital capacity - correct answer-amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs after
breathing as deeply as possible
dead space - correct answer-portion of tidal volume that does not reach alveoli and does not
participate gas exchange
, recovery position - correct answer-used to help maintain airway in UNCONSCIOUS and
uninjured patient breathing on own
oxygen toxicity - correct answer-damage to cellular tissue due to excessive oxygen levels in
blood
oxygen devices - correct answer-nasal cannula: 1-6 L/min, 24%-44%
NRB mask with reservoir: 10-15 L/min, up to 99%
bag-mask with reservoir: 15 L/min, nearly 100%
atelectasis - correct answer-collapsed alveoli
pulmonary edema - correct answer-fluid build up within alveoli and lung tissue between
alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
usually result of congestive heart failure
asthma - correct answer-wheezing on inspiration/expiration
bronchospasm
anaphalaxis - correct answer-flushed skin or hives (urticaria)
generalized edema
decreased BP (hypotension)
laryngeal edema with dyspnea
wheezing or stridor
hay fever - correct answer-allergic rhinitis
causes cold-like symptoms
hyperventilation - correct answer-rapid breathing to point that level of arterial carbon dioxide
falls below normal
acidosis (hyperventilation) - correct answer-buildup of excess acid in blood or body tissue
that results from primary illness
alkalosis (hyperventilation) - correct answer-buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in body
fluids
normal breathing - correct answer-vesicular breath sounds & bronchial breath sounds
decreased, absent, or abnormal breath sounds - correct answer-adventitious breath sounds
wheezing - correct answer-indicates constriction/inflammation in bronchus; high-pitched,
almost musical/whistling sound on exhalation
crackles - correct answer-formerly called rales; crackling or bubbling sound; high-pitched
known as fine crackles; low-pitched known as coarse crackles on inspiration
rhonchi - correct answer-low-pitched rattling sounds
