THE BEST Fisdap Airway study guide
Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen - correct answer-Aerobic
metabolism
Occasional, gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped; seen in dying patients. -
correct answer-Agonal gasps
The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place -
correct answer-Alveoli
The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the main by-product is lactic acid
- correct answer-Anaerobic metabolism
Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of
contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation - correct
answer-Beta-adrenergic receptors
A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx (Adams apple) - correct
answer-Cricoid cartilage
A muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the
abdominal cavity. Contraction of this (and the chest wall muscles) brings air into the lungs.
Relaxation allows air to be expelled from the lungs - correct answer-Diaphragm
A thin, leaf-shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid
from entering - correct answer-Epiglottis
A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomachs; muscle contractions propel
food and liquids through it to the stomach - correct answer-Esophagus
The amount of air that can be exhaled following a normal exhalation; average volume is
about 1.200mL in the average adult man - correct answer-Respiratory reserve volume
The use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest;
occurs when air movement is impaired - correct answer-Labored breathing
The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within cells -
correct answer-Metabolism (cellular respiration)
The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration - correct answer-Residual volume
The inhaling and exhaling of air; the physiologic process that exchanges carbon dioxide from
fresh air - correct answer-Respiration
The inability of the body to move gas effectively - correct answer-Respiratory compromise
, The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one relaxed breath; about 500 mL for an
adult - correct answer-Tidal volume
The movement of air between the lungs and the environment - correct answer-Ventilation
A measurement that examines how much gas is being moved effectively and how much
blood is flowing around the alveoli where gas exchange (perfusion) occurs - correct
answer-V/Q ratio
The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness -
correct answer-Acidosis
Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles - correct
answer-Adventitious breath sounds
The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids - correct answer-Alkalosis
An extreme, life-threating, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory
failure - correct answer-Anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)
An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive
mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages -
correct answer-Asthma
Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is
often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus - correct answer-Bronchiolitis
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually
associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes
fever - correct answer-Bronchitis
A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the
respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide - correct
answer-Carbon dioxide retention
An odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete
oxidation of carbon in combustion - correct answer-Carbon monoxide
Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke -
correct answer-Chronic bronchitis
A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic
bronchial obstruction - correct answer-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory
distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation - correct answer-Continuous
positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen - correct answer-Aerobic
metabolism
Occasional, gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped; seen in dying patients. -
correct answer-Agonal gasps
The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place -
correct answer-Alveoli
The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the main by-product is lactic acid
- correct answer-Anaerobic metabolism
Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of
contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation - correct
answer-Beta-adrenergic receptors
A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx (Adams apple) - correct
answer-Cricoid cartilage
A muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the
abdominal cavity. Contraction of this (and the chest wall muscles) brings air into the lungs.
Relaxation allows air to be expelled from the lungs - correct answer-Diaphragm
A thin, leaf-shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid
from entering - correct answer-Epiglottis
A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomachs; muscle contractions propel
food and liquids through it to the stomach - correct answer-Esophagus
The amount of air that can be exhaled following a normal exhalation; average volume is
about 1.200mL in the average adult man - correct answer-Respiratory reserve volume
The use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest;
occurs when air movement is impaired - correct answer-Labored breathing
The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within cells -
correct answer-Metabolism (cellular respiration)
The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration - correct answer-Residual volume
The inhaling and exhaling of air; the physiologic process that exchanges carbon dioxide from
fresh air - correct answer-Respiration
The inability of the body to move gas effectively - correct answer-Respiratory compromise
, The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one relaxed breath; about 500 mL for an
adult - correct answer-Tidal volume
The movement of air between the lungs and the environment - correct answer-Ventilation
A measurement that examines how much gas is being moved effectively and how much
blood is flowing around the alveoli where gas exchange (perfusion) occurs - correct
answer-V/Q ratio
The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness -
correct answer-Acidosis
Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles - correct
answer-Adventitious breath sounds
The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids - correct answer-Alkalosis
An extreme, life-threating, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory
failure - correct answer-Anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)
An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive
mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages -
correct answer-Asthma
Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is
often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus - correct answer-Bronchiolitis
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually
associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes
fever - correct answer-Bronchitis
A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the
respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide - correct
answer-Carbon dioxide retention
An odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete
oxidation of carbon in combustion - correct answer-Carbon monoxide
Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke -
correct answer-Chronic bronchitis
A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic
bronchial obstruction - correct answer-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory
distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation - correct answer-Continuous
positive airway pressure (CPAP)
