FISDAP Airway Exam Study Guide
Alveolar air volume - correct answer-Amount of air that reaches alveoli for gas exchange
(approx. 350 ml. For adult male) Tidal volume minus dead space
Dead air space - correct answer-Anatomically: structures that hold air, but can't participate in
gas exchange.
Physiologically: alveoli or capillaries destroyed by disease
Expiratory reserve volume - correct answer-Amount of gas that can be forcefully expired at
the end of a normal expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume - correct answer-Amount of gas that can be forcefully inspired in
addition to a normal breaths tidal volume
Internal respiration - correct answer-Exchange of gases between blood cells and tissues
Peak expiratory flow - correct answer-The greatest rate of airflow during forced expiration
when lungs are fully inflated
Residual volume - correct answer-After maximal forced exhalation, amount of air remaining
not able to be expelled
Tidal volume - correct answer-Amount of air in a respiratory cycle (500 ml, 5-7ml/kg)
Minute volume - correct answer-Amount of gas moved in and out of respiratory tract per
minute
Air trapping - correct answer-A respiratory pattern associated with an obstruction in the
pulmonary tree. Rate increases to overcome resistance
Angle of Louis - correct answer-Angulation of the sternum that indicates the point where the
second rib joins the sternum. (manubriosternal junction)
Anoxia - correct answer-total lack of oxygen available to the tissues
Apnea - correct answer-Respiratory arrest
Atelectasis - correct answer-Abnormal condition characterized by collapse of alveoli,
preventing exchange of co2 and o2 in a part of the lungs
Barrier device - correct answer-Thin film of material placed on the patient's face used to
prevent direct contact with the patient's mouth during PPV
Carina - correct answer-Where the trachea divides into right and left bronchi
, Ronchi - correct answer-Rattling or rumbling in the lungs. Inspiration and expiration. Fluid in
larger airways and may be cleared from a cough.
Stridor - correct answer-Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound best heard over the neck
Rattles (ronchi) - correct answer-Inflammation and mucus or fluid in larger airways heard on
inspiration. Associated with bronchitis or pneumonia
Crackles (rales) - correct answer-Wet lungs - sounds like hair rolled in finger tips. fluid in
smaller airways, crackling or popping sound on inspiration, sound that indicates presence of
fluid in smaller airways
Croup - correct answer-Viral infection in upper airway that sounds like a seal bark
Wheeze - correct answer-Whistling sound heard on inspiration or expiration in pharynx,
trachea, bronchi
Biots respirations - correct answer-Irregular respirations and rate with periods of apnea from
increased ICP, brain damage at medulla, DKA, and OD'ing
Agonal respirations - correct answer-Slow, shallow, irregular from anoxic brain injury
Central neurogenic hyperventilation - correct answer-Similar to Kussmaul respirations, deep
and rapid breathing from increased ICP
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - correct answer-A pattern of gradually increasing rate and depth
of breathing that tapers to slower and shallower breathing with a period of apnea before the
cycle repeats
Hering-Breuer reflex - correct answer-Reflex that limits inspiration and prevents overinflation
Hiccup - correct answer-Spasm of the diaphragm
Benign tumor - correct answer-Not spreading aggressively
Malignant tumor - correct answer-Aggressively spreads
Secondary tumor - correct answer-Spread from its original location
Primary tumor - correct answer-Collection of cells that grow out of control, in excess of
normal rate. Tumor that develops in only 1 tissue
Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) - correct answer-Collection of fluid in the
alveoli of the lung, usually from trauma or illness
Compliance - correct answer-Resistance of the patient's lung tissue to ventilation
Alveolar air volume - correct answer-Amount of air that reaches alveoli for gas exchange
(approx. 350 ml. For adult male) Tidal volume minus dead space
Dead air space - correct answer-Anatomically: structures that hold air, but can't participate in
gas exchange.
Physiologically: alveoli or capillaries destroyed by disease
Expiratory reserve volume - correct answer-Amount of gas that can be forcefully expired at
the end of a normal expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume - correct answer-Amount of gas that can be forcefully inspired in
addition to a normal breaths tidal volume
Internal respiration - correct answer-Exchange of gases between blood cells and tissues
Peak expiratory flow - correct answer-The greatest rate of airflow during forced expiration
when lungs are fully inflated
Residual volume - correct answer-After maximal forced exhalation, amount of air remaining
not able to be expelled
Tidal volume - correct answer-Amount of air in a respiratory cycle (500 ml, 5-7ml/kg)
Minute volume - correct answer-Amount of gas moved in and out of respiratory tract per
minute
Air trapping - correct answer-A respiratory pattern associated with an obstruction in the
pulmonary tree. Rate increases to overcome resistance
Angle of Louis - correct answer-Angulation of the sternum that indicates the point where the
second rib joins the sternum. (manubriosternal junction)
Anoxia - correct answer-total lack of oxygen available to the tissues
Apnea - correct answer-Respiratory arrest
Atelectasis - correct answer-Abnormal condition characterized by collapse of alveoli,
preventing exchange of co2 and o2 in a part of the lungs
Barrier device - correct answer-Thin film of material placed on the patient's face used to
prevent direct contact with the patient's mouth during PPV
Carina - correct answer-Where the trachea divides into right and left bronchi
, Ronchi - correct answer-Rattling or rumbling in the lungs. Inspiration and expiration. Fluid in
larger airways and may be cleared from a cough.
Stridor - correct answer-Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound best heard over the neck
Rattles (ronchi) - correct answer-Inflammation and mucus or fluid in larger airways heard on
inspiration. Associated with bronchitis or pneumonia
Crackles (rales) - correct answer-Wet lungs - sounds like hair rolled in finger tips. fluid in
smaller airways, crackling or popping sound on inspiration, sound that indicates presence of
fluid in smaller airways
Croup - correct answer-Viral infection in upper airway that sounds like a seal bark
Wheeze - correct answer-Whistling sound heard on inspiration or expiration in pharynx,
trachea, bronchi
Biots respirations - correct answer-Irregular respirations and rate with periods of apnea from
increased ICP, brain damage at medulla, DKA, and OD'ing
Agonal respirations - correct answer-Slow, shallow, irregular from anoxic brain injury
Central neurogenic hyperventilation - correct answer-Similar to Kussmaul respirations, deep
and rapid breathing from increased ICP
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - correct answer-A pattern of gradually increasing rate and depth
of breathing that tapers to slower and shallower breathing with a period of apnea before the
cycle repeats
Hering-Breuer reflex - correct answer-Reflex that limits inspiration and prevents overinflation
Hiccup - correct answer-Spasm of the diaphragm
Benign tumor - correct answer-Not spreading aggressively
Malignant tumor - correct answer-Aggressively spreads
Secondary tumor - correct answer-Spread from its original location
Primary tumor - correct answer-Collection of cells that grow out of control, in excess of
normal rate. Tumor that develops in only 1 tissue
Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) - correct answer-Collection of fluid in the
alveoli of the lung, usually from trauma or illness
Compliance - correct answer-Resistance of the patient's lung tissue to ventilation
