NICU Nursing Exam Review | 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
What is a high risk neonate? - ✔✔a newborn, regardless of gestational age or birth weight, who has
greater than average chance of morbidity or mortality due to conditions associated with birth and the
transition to extrauterine life
How do we classify high risk neonates? - ✔✔
Weight
Growth
Gestational Age
What is considered a low birth weight of a high risk neonate? - ✔✔<2500 grams
What is considered a very low birth weight of a high risk neonate? - ✔✔<1500 grams
What is considered an extremely low birth weight for a high risk neonate? - ✔✔<1000 grams
What are the growth classifications of a high risk neonate? - ✔✔
-intrauterine growth restriction (how they were growing in utero)
-small for gestational age (can have normal growth but still just small, <10%)
-large for gestational age (>90%)
What are the 3 gestational age classifications of a high risk neonate? - ✔✔
-premature infant </= 36 6/7 weeks
-Term infant >/= 37 0/7 weeks
-Post-mature infant >42 weeks gestation
What are the NICU risk factors? - ✔✔
-prematurity
,-low birth weight- may just be too small to stay warm
-birth depression
-high risk pregnancy
-congenital anomalies
What are the risk factors for prematurity - ✔✔-teen pregnancy
-advanced maternal age (>35)
-low socioeconomic status
-drug use and tobacco use
-history of preterm birth
-multiple gestation (twins, triplets)
-obesity
-diabetes
-hypertension
-infection (moms PROM, UTI, viral infection)
-infertility treatments: IVF, multiple babies
What do we need to know regarding neonatal resuscitation? - ✔✔-neonatal resuscitation program (NRP)
-about 10% of newborns require some assistance to begin breathing at birth
-less than 1% require extensive resuscitative measures, such as cardiac compressions or medications
-every birth should be attended by 1 person who can perform initial steps of newborn resuscitation and
PPV (someone to preform bag and mask)
What are the important questions we need to ask regarding neonatal resuscitation? - ✔✔What's their
gestation?
-are they term? premature?
What's their tone?
-crying and such they don't need resuscitation, or are they floppy?
Are they breathing or crying?
-crying baby is a breathing baby
, What does post resuscitation care in the NICU consist of? - ✔✔-thermoregulation
-monitor glucose- heel sticks
-Labs
-X-ray
-IV fluids
-management of lines and tubes
-monitor vital signs (continuous ECG)
-support family**- especially for those who expected normal healthy baby
Why is the neonate at risk for hypothermia? - ✔✔-large surface area to body size ratio
-decreased muscle mass
-decreased subcutaneous fat (preterm, IUGR)- preterm don't have insulation
-inability to shiver- if they are shivering then there is something else wrong
What are the most common group of respiratory diseases in the neonate? - ✔✔-respiratory distress
syndrome
-transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
-pneumothorax
-meconium aspiration syndrome
-congenital pneumonia
What is respiratory distress syndrome - ✔✔respiratory difficulty in first 3-6 hours of life leading to
progressive atelectasis because lacking surfactant, hypoxia and hypoventilation
What is the etiology of respiratory distress syndrome in the neonate - ✔✔surfactant deficiency- preterm
babies are bad at making it
What are the risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome in the neonate - ✔✔-prematurity
-c-section (don't get the labor hormones, nothing to do with the "squeeze" of the baby)
-infant of diabetic mother
-asphyxia at birth
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
What is a high risk neonate? - ✔✔a newborn, regardless of gestational age or birth weight, who has
greater than average chance of morbidity or mortality due to conditions associated with birth and the
transition to extrauterine life
How do we classify high risk neonates? - ✔✔
Weight
Growth
Gestational Age
What is considered a low birth weight of a high risk neonate? - ✔✔<2500 grams
What is considered a very low birth weight of a high risk neonate? - ✔✔<1500 grams
What is considered an extremely low birth weight for a high risk neonate? - ✔✔<1000 grams
What are the growth classifications of a high risk neonate? - ✔✔
-intrauterine growth restriction (how they were growing in utero)
-small for gestational age (can have normal growth but still just small, <10%)
-large for gestational age (>90%)
What are the 3 gestational age classifications of a high risk neonate? - ✔✔
-premature infant </= 36 6/7 weeks
-Term infant >/= 37 0/7 weeks
-Post-mature infant >42 weeks gestation
What are the NICU risk factors? - ✔✔
-prematurity
,-low birth weight- may just be too small to stay warm
-birth depression
-high risk pregnancy
-congenital anomalies
What are the risk factors for prematurity - ✔✔-teen pregnancy
-advanced maternal age (>35)
-low socioeconomic status
-drug use and tobacco use
-history of preterm birth
-multiple gestation (twins, triplets)
-obesity
-diabetes
-hypertension
-infection (moms PROM, UTI, viral infection)
-infertility treatments: IVF, multiple babies
What do we need to know regarding neonatal resuscitation? - ✔✔-neonatal resuscitation program (NRP)
-about 10% of newborns require some assistance to begin breathing at birth
-less than 1% require extensive resuscitative measures, such as cardiac compressions or medications
-every birth should be attended by 1 person who can perform initial steps of newborn resuscitation and
PPV (someone to preform bag and mask)
What are the important questions we need to ask regarding neonatal resuscitation? - ✔✔What's their
gestation?
-are they term? premature?
What's their tone?
-crying and such they don't need resuscitation, or are they floppy?
Are they breathing or crying?
-crying baby is a breathing baby
, What does post resuscitation care in the NICU consist of? - ✔✔-thermoregulation
-monitor glucose- heel sticks
-Labs
-X-ray
-IV fluids
-management of lines and tubes
-monitor vital signs (continuous ECG)
-support family**- especially for those who expected normal healthy baby
Why is the neonate at risk for hypothermia? - ✔✔-large surface area to body size ratio
-decreased muscle mass
-decreased subcutaneous fat (preterm, IUGR)- preterm don't have insulation
-inability to shiver- if they are shivering then there is something else wrong
What are the most common group of respiratory diseases in the neonate? - ✔✔-respiratory distress
syndrome
-transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
-pneumothorax
-meconium aspiration syndrome
-congenital pneumonia
What is respiratory distress syndrome - ✔✔respiratory difficulty in first 3-6 hours of life leading to
progressive atelectasis because lacking surfactant, hypoxia and hypoventilation
What is the etiology of respiratory distress syndrome in the neonate - ✔✔surfactant deficiency- preterm
babies are bad at making it
What are the risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome in the neonate - ✔✔-prematurity
-c-section (don't get the labor hormones, nothing to do with the "squeeze" of the baby)
-infant of diabetic mother
-asphyxia at birth
