Diabetes Questions mostly on diabetes
Drugs: NCLEX and PrepU Questions
A patient with a diagnosis of diabetes is prescribed pramlintide (Symlin). How will this drug
assist in controlling the patient's blood sugar?
A. It blocks the absorption of food.
B. It is absorbed by insulin.
C. It increases the release of insulin.
D. It slows gastric emptying. - correct answer-It slows gastric emptying.
Pramlintide slows gastric emptying, helping to regulate the postprandial rise in blood sugar.
Pramlintide does not block the absorption of food. Pramlintide is not absorbed by insulin.
Pramlintide does not increase the release of insulin.
Polydipsia and polyuria related to diabetes mellitus are primarily due to:
a. The release of ketones from cells during fat metabolism
b. Fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia
c. Damage to the kidneys from exposure to high levels of glucose
d. Changes in RBCs resulting from attachment of excessive glucose to hemoglobin" - correct
answer-b. Fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia (Rationale: The
osmotic effect of glucose produces the manifestations of polydipsia and polyuria.)
Which of the following is a rapid-acting insulin with an onset of action of less than 15
minutes?
A) insulin glargine (Lantus)
B) insulin aspart (Novolog)
C) regular insulin (Humulin R)
D) insulin detemir (Levemir) - correct answer-B
Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting insulin.
Insulin glargine and insulin detemir are long-acting insulins.
Regular insulin is short acting.
Which long-acting insulin mimics natural, basal insulin with no peak action and a duration of
24 hours?
A. Insulin glulisine
B. Insulin glargine
C. Regular insulin
D. NPH insulin - correct answer-B
Which insulin can be administered by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion?
A. Insulin aspart
B. Insulin detemir
C. Insulin glargine
D. Regular insulin - correct answer-D
,The nurse caring for a patient hospitalized with diabetes mellitus would look for which
laboratory test result to obtain information on the patient's past glucose control?
A. Prealbumin level
B. Urine ketone level
C. Fasting glucose level
D. Glycosylated hemoglobin level - correct answer-D. Glycosylated hemoglobin level
A glycosylated hemoglobin level detects the amount of glucose that is bound to red blood
cells (RBCs). When circulating glucose levels are high, glucose attaches to the RBCs and
remains there for the life of the blood cell, which is approximately 120 days. Thus the test
can give an indication of glycemic control over approximately 2 to 3 months. The prealbumin
level is used to establish nutritional status and is unrelated to past glucose control. The urine
ketone level will only show that hyperglycemia or starvation is probably currently occurring.
The fasting glucose level only indicates current glucose control.
T/F: All cells can use fatty acids interchangeably with glucose for energy. - correct
answer-False, Almost all cells
Which statement would be corrected for a patient with type 2 diabetes who was admitted to
the hospital with pneumonia
A. The patient must receive insulin therapy to prevent ketoacidosis
B. The patient has islet cell antibodies that have destroyed the pancreas's ability to produce
insulin
C. The patient has minimal or absent endogenous insulin secretions and requires daily
insulin injections
D. The patient may have sufficient endogenous insulin to prevent kerosine but is risk for
hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome - correct answer-D. The patient may have sufficient
endogenous insulin to prevent kerosine but is risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemia
syndrome
(Rationale: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) is a life-threatening syndrome
that can occur in a patient with diabetes who is able to produce enough insulin to prevent
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia, osmotic
diuresis, and extracellular fluid depletion.)
A patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. What distinguishing characteristic is associated
with type 1 diabetes?
A. The disease always starts in childhood.
B. Oral agents can control blood sugar.
C. Exogenous insulin is required for life.
D. Blood glucose levels can be controlled by diet. - correct answer-Exogenous insulin is
required for life.
Type 1 diabetes will result in eventual destruction of beta cells, and no insulin is produced.
The blood glucose level can only be controlled by diet in type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes,
, oral agents can be administered. Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed at many ages, not only in
childhood.
The nurse has just completed teaching a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about
rapid-acting insulin. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the client
selects:
-Lispro
-Regular
-NPH
-Glargine - correct answer-Lispro
--There are four principal types of insulin: short acting, rapid acting, intermediate acting, and
long acting. Regular insulin is short-acting insulin whose effects begin within 30 minutes after
subcutaneous injection and generally last for 5 to 8 hours. The rapid-acting insulins (lispro,
aspart, and glulisine) have a more rapid onset, peak, and duration of action than short-acting
regular insulin and are administered immediately before a meal. Intermediate- to long-acting
insulins include NPH, glargine, and detemir. These insulins have slower onsets and a longer
duration of action.--
Which long-acting insulin mimics natural, basal insulin with no peak action and a duration of
24 hours?
A) insulin glargine (Lantus)
B) insulin glulisine (Apidra)
C) regular insulin (Humulin R)
D) NPH insulin (Humulin N) - correct answer-A
Insulin glargine has a duration of action of 24 hours with no peaks, mimicking the natural,
basal insulin secretion of the pancreas.
A patient is in diabetic ketoacidosis. The patient blood glucose level is over 600 mg/dL. The
physician has ordered the patient to receive an initial dose of 25 units of insulin
intravenously. What type of insulin will most likely be administered?
A. Ultralente insulin
B. Lente insulin
C. Regular insulin
D. NPH insulin - correct answer-Regular insulin
Regular insulin has rapid onset of action and can be given via IV. It is the drug of choice for
acute situations, such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Isophane insulin (NPH) is used for long-term
insulin therapy. Lente insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin. Ultralente insulin is a
long-acting insulin.
A nurse is evaluating patients for the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which of the
following patients has the highest risk?
-A 45-year-old obese woman with a sedentary lifestyle
-A 10-year-old boy whose grandmother has type 2 diabetes
-A 40-year-old man who has an active lifestyle
-A 60-year-old woman with a history of gestational diabetes - correct answer-A 45-year-old
obese woman with a sedentary lifestyle
Drugs: NCLEX and PrepU Questions
A patient with a diagnosis of diabetes is prescribed pramlintide (Symlin). How will this drug
assist in controlling the patient's blood sugar?
A. It blocks the absorption of food.
B. It is absorbed by insulin.
C. It increases the release of insulin.
D. It slows gastric emptying. - correct answer-It slows gastric emptying.
Pramlintide slows gastric emptying, helping to regulate the postprandial rise in blood sugar.
Pramlintide does not block the absorption of food. Pramlintide is not absorbed by insulin.
Pramlintide does not increase the release of insulin.
Polydipsia and polyuria related to diabetes mellitus are primarily due to:
a. The release of ketones from cells during fat metabolism
b. Fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia
c. Damage to the kidneys from exposure to high levels of glucose
d. Changes in RBCs resulting from attachment of excessive glucose to hemoglobin" - correct
answer-b. Fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia (Rationale: The
osmotic effect of glucose produces the manifestations of polydipsia and polyuria.)
Which of the following is a rapid-acting insulin with an onset of action of less than 15
minutes?
A) insulin glargine (Lantus)
B) insulin aspart (Novolog)
C) regular insulin (Humulin R)
D) insulin detemir (Levemir) - correct answer-B
Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting insulin.
Insulin glargine and insulin detemir are long-acting insulins.
Regular insulin is short acting.
Which long-acting insulin mimics natural, basal insulin with no peak action and a duration of
24 hours?
A. Insulin glulisine
B. Insulin glargine
C. Regular insulin
D. NPH insulin - correct answer-B
Which insulin can be administered by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion?
A. Insulin aspart
B. Insulin detemir
C. Insulin glargine
D. Regular insulin - correct answer-D
,The nurse caring for a patient hospitalized with diabetes mellitus would look for which
laboratory test result to obtain information on the patient's past glucose control?
A. Prealbumin level
B. Urine ketone level
C. Fasting glucose level
D. Glycosylated hemoglobin level - correct answer-D. Glycosylated hemoglobin level
A glycosylated hemoglobin level detects the amount of glucose that is bound to red blood
cells (RBCs). When circulating glucose levels are high, glucose attaches to the RBCs and
remains there for the life of the blood cell, which is approximately 120 days. Thus the test
can give an indication of glycemic control over approximately 2 to 3 months. The prealbumin
level is used to establish nutritional status and is unrelated to past glucose control. The urine
ketone level will only show that hyperglycemia or starvation is probably currently occurring.
The fasting glucose level only indicates current glucose control.
T/F: All cells can use fatty acids interchangeably with glucose for energy. - correct
answer-False, Almost all cells
Which statement would be corrected for a patient with type 2 diabetes who was admitted to
the hospital with pneumonia
A. The patient must receive insulin therapy to prevent ketoacidosis
B. The patient has islet cell antibodies that have destroyed the pancreas's ability to produce
insulin
C. The patient has minimal or absent endogenous insulin secretions and requires daily
insulin injections
D. The patient may have sufficient endogenous insulin to prevent kerosine but is risk for
hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome - correct answer-D. The patient may have sufficient
endogenous insulin to prevent kerosine but is risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemia
syndrome
(Rationale: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) is a life-threatening syndrome
that can occur in a patient with diabetes who is able to produce enough insulin to prevent
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia, osmotic
diuresis, and extracellular fluid depletion.)
A patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. What distinguishing characteristic is associated
with type 1 diabetes?
A. The disease always starts in childhood.
B. Oral agents can control blood sugar.
C. Exogenous insulin is required for life.
D. Blood glucose levels can be controlled by diet. - correct answer-Exogenous insulin is
required for life.
Type 1 diabetes will result in eventual destruction of beta cells, and no insulin is produced.
The blood glucose level can only be controlled by diet in type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes,
, oral agents can be administered. Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed at many ages, not only in
childhood.
The nurse has just completed teaching a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about
rapid-acting insulin. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the client
selects:
-Lispro
-Regular
-NPH
-Glargine - correct answer-Lispro
--There are four principal types of insulin: short acting, rapid acting, intermediate acting, and
long acting. Regular insulin is short-acting insulin whose effects begin within 30 minutes after
subcutaneous injection and generally last for 5 to 8 hours. The rapid-acting insulins (lispro,
aspart, and glulisine) have a more rapid onset, peak, and duration of action than short-acting
regular insulin and are administered immediately before a meal. Intermediate- to long-acting
insulins include NPH, glargine, and detemir. These insulins have slower onsets and a longer
duration of action.--
Which long-acting insulin mimics natural, basal insulin with no peak action and a duration of
24 hours?
A) insulin glargine (Lantus)
B) insulin glulisine (Apidra)
C) regular insulin (Humulin R)
D) NPH insulin (Humulin N) - correct answer-A
Insulin glargine has a duration of action of 24 hours with no peaks, mimicking the natural,
basal insulin secretion of the pancreas.
A patient is in diabetic ketoacidosis. The patient blood glucose level is over 600 mg/dL. The
physician has ordered the patient to receive an initial dose of 25 units of insulin
intravenously. What type of insulin will most likely be administered?
A. Ultralente insulin
B. Lente insulin
C. Regular insulin
D. NPH insulin - correct answer-Regular insulin
Regular insulin has rapid onset of action and can be given via IV. It is the drug of choice for
acute situations, such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Isophane insulin (NPH) is used for long-term
insulin therapy. Lente insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin. Ultralente insulin is a
long-acting insulin.
A nurse is evaluating patients for the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which of the
following patients has the highest risk?
-A 45-year-old obese woman with a sedentary lifestyle
-A 10-year-old boy whose grandmother has type 2 diabetes
-A 40-year-old man who has an active lifestyle
-A 60-year-old woman with a history of gestational diabetes - correct answer-A 45-year-old
obese woman with a sedentary lifestyle
