Gross Anatomy 1 Exam 1 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

Gross Anatomy 1 Exam 1 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Which of the following upper extremity structures is the most distal? a. Wrist b. Shoulder c. Elbow d. Fingers Your "Back" is __________ to your "Front" a. Superior b. Posterior c. Medial d. Anterior Skin is part of the _______ System? Integumentary The Cervical Vertebrae are _______ to the Lumbar Vertebrae. Select all that apply a. Medial b. Caudal c. Rostral d. Contralateral e. Lateral f. Bilateral g. Superior h. Inferior Which accessory structures connect Bone to Bone? a. Tendon Sheaths b. Bursae c. Tendons d. Ligaments In the Cervical Region of the vertebral column, which of the following ligaments is deep to the Supraspinous Ligament, but superficial to the Interspinous Ligament? (Choose best answer) a. Posterior Longitudinal ligament b. Nuchal Ligament c. Ligamentum flavum d. Cruciform Ligament Match the following prefixes with the type of structures they might be associated with: Osteo - Myo - Arthro- (All Answer Choices) a. Bones b. Joints c. Nerves d. Arteries e. Muscles Osteo- a. Bones Myo- e. Muscles Arthro- b. Joints Which of the following muscles originates on the ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of C7-T12? (Choose the BEST answer) a. Latissimus Dorsi b. Rhomboid Major c. Intertransversarii d. Trapezius The Suboccipital muscles are innervated by the: (Choose the BEST answer) a. Posterior ramus of the C7 Spinal Nerve b. Nucleus pulposa c. Anterior ramus of the C2 spinal nerve d. Suboccipital Nerve The back is vascularized by which of the following? (Select All that Apply) a. Branches of the femoral artery b. Branches of the thoracic artery c. Branches of the Lumbar Aorta d. Posterior rami of the adjacent spinal nerves Which of the following is the most superficial layer of a blood vessel? (Choose the BEST answer) a. Tunica adventitia b. Tunica intima c. Tunica colorem d. Tunica media The central nervous system consists of the: (Select All that Apply) a. Cranial Nerves b. Spinal Cord c. Spinal Nerves d. Brain Match the following Systemic Anatomy to its appropriate field of study/treatment 1. Integumentary System a. Athrology 2. Skeletal System b. Myology 3. Articular System c. Osteology 4. Muscular System d. Consists of Skin and its Appendages 5. Nervous System e. Angiology 6. Circulatory System f. Consists of heart and blood vessels 7. Cardiovascular System g. Neurology 8. Lymphatic System h. Lymphatic Vessels 9. Alimentary System or Digestive System i. Pulmonology 10. Respiratory System j. Gastroenterology 11. Urinary System k. Structures that Secrete Hormones 12. Genital (Reproductive) System (Females) L. Urology 13. Endocrine System M. Gynecology 14. Genital (Reproductive) System (Males) N. Andrology Answers: 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. G 6. E 7. F 8. H 9. J 10. I 11. L 12. M 13. K 14. N The elbow is _________between the wrist and shoulder. a. Medial b. Intermediate c. Distal d. Lateral Which term of laterality best describes a Patient injury to BOTH of their knees ? a. Bilateral b. Ipsilateral c. Contralateral d. Unilateral A patient has discomfort in their Left Shoulder and their Right Ankle, Which term of laterality best describes the patient's discomfort? a. Bilateral b. Ipsilateral c. Contralateral d. Unilateral Joshua is a football player who strained his Right Bicep Femoris and is experiencing tightness in his Right Gastrocnemius Muscle. In anatomy, which term of laterality best describes Joshua's orientation of symptoms? a. Bilateral b. Ipsilateral c. Contralateral d. Unilateral Taylor is a softball pitcher who hurt her Left shoulder and Sprained her Left Ankle, which term of laterality best describes Taylor's injuries? a. Bilateral b. Ipsilateral c. Contralateral d. Unilateral What's another name for Anterior? a. Dorsal b. Ventral c. Cranial d. Caudal What's another name for Posterior? a. Dorsal b. Ventral c. Cranial d. Caudal The Spinal Cord is _____________ to the Brain a. Cephalic b. Caudal c. Inferior d. Rostral The Nose is ____________ to the Chin a. Cranial b. Anterior c. Ventral d. Rostral Which of the following are the 3 classes of Joints? (Select all that apply) a. Synovial Joints b. Synarthrosis Joints c. Cartilaginous Joints d. Fibrous Joints Which of the following are classified as "Synarthrosis" Joints? (Select all that apply) a. Synovial Joints b. Cartilaginous Joints c. Fibrous Joints d. Symphyses Joints Why is your Knee classified as a Synovial Joint? a. Limited Movement b. Freely Moveable c. Contains Cartilage Which of the following make up the different types of Fibrous Joints? Select all that apply a. Diarthrosis b. Sutures c. Gomphosis d. Syndesmosis e. Synarthrosis This Fibrous Joint is found typically only in the skull, Which class of Fibrous Joint best describes its description? a. Syndesmosis b. Suture c. Gomphosis d. Synarthrosis The Radius and Ulna is joined by a Interosseous Membrane, which class of joint best describes this? Syndesmosis A ________________ Joint anchors a tooth to its socket. a. Syndesmosis b. Synovial c. Gomphosis d. Ampiarthrosis Cartilaginous Joints are united by _________ Cartilage or ___________ Cartilage. Hyaline Cartilage or Fibrocartilage Compare and Contrast the 2 types of cartilaginous Joints, Primary Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses) and Secondary Cartilaginous Joints (Symphyses). Synchondroses (Primary) -Joined by Hyaline cartilage which permits bone growth while providing stability -E.g. Growth Plates Symphysis (Secondary) -Joined by Fibrocartilage in form of disc or plate -E.g. Vertebral discs Select all the features that best describes a Synovial Joint. Select all that apply a. Enclosed within a Joint Capsule b. Does not have Joint Cavity c. Surrounded by Synovial Membrane d. Filled with Synovial Fluid e. Has Cartilaginous connections f. Reinforced by Accessory Tendons Articulating bones held together by Joint Capsule through which 2 layers? Inner Layer: Synovial Membrane Outer Layer: Fibrous Layer Bursae are made up of _______________ a. Bones b. Tendons c. Enclosed sacs d. Muscles The two functions of bursae are _____ and ____ a. reduce friction, move bones b. reduce friction, dissipate force c. dissipate force, move bones d. move bones, move muscle T/F Synovial tendon sheaths are specialized long bursae that enclose tendons True Match the Type of Synovial Joint with its corresponding Joint. 1. Plane a. Metacarpophalangeal Joint 2. Hinge b. Hip Joint 3. Pivot c. Acromioclavicular Joint 4. Condyloid d. Atlanto-axial Joint 5. Saddle e. Elbow Joint 6. Ball and Socket f. Carpometacarpal Joint 1. C 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. F 6. B Which types of Synovial Joints are Uniaxial Joints? a. Hinge, Pivot, Some Plane b. Some Plane, Saddle, Condyloid c. Some Place, Condyloid, Hinge d. Pivot, Ball and Socket, Condyloid Which types of Synovial Joints are Biaxial Joints? a. Pivot, Hinge b. Some Plane, Condyloid c. Saddle, Pivot d. Condyloid, Saddle Which types of Synovial Joints are Triaxial Joints or Multiaxial? a. Hinge, Condyloid b. Ball and Socket, Pivot c. Some Plane, Ball and Socket d. Saddle, Ball and Socket