Crim 414 Intervention Techniques in
Corrections
Role Clarification - correct answer-1.) Self-disclosure of the officer about his/her roles,
responsibilities and professional personality
2.) Soliciting the client's views and their likes/dislikes
3.) Client self-disclosure of his/her attitude/behaviour, personality related to community
supervision (ie. what the officer can expect from him/her)
4.) Collaborative agreement on expectations, roles, and responsibilities
Role Clarification 2 - correct answer-- Reduce power imbalance
- Lower anxieties
- Establish roles and expectations
- Model appropriate behaviour
- Build rapport and trust
- Build collaborative relationship
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - correct answer-Refers to the use of empirical data and
information, and to the use of research findings that are demonstrably effective
Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) Mission Statement - correct answer-The Correctional
Service of Canada (CSC), as part of the criminal justice system and respecting the rule of
law, contributes to public safety by actively encouraging and assisting offenders to become
law-abiding citizens, while exercising reasonable, safe, secure and humane control.
Crime in the 1800s - correct answer-- Prisons as we know them did not exist before the
1820s
- Local counties operated jails that looked like houses
- People were not incarcerated for purposes of punishment or reform - they were fined,
embarrassed, harmed or executed
- By the 1800s, crime was blamed on social disorder and the Quakers introduced the idea of
a penitentiary to house (and reform) "wayward" individuals
Penitent - correct answer-Adjective:
Feeling or showing sorrow and regret
for having done wrong;
repentant.
E.G. "a penitent expression"
,Synonyms: repentant, contrite, remorseful, sorry, apologetic, regretful, conscience-stricken,
rueful, ashamed, shamefaced, abject, in sackcloth and ashes
Noun:
A person who repents their sins or wrongdoings and (in the Christian Church) seeks
forgiveness from God.
The Progressive Era (1890s - 1920s) - correct answer-- Introduction of indeterminate
sentences - inmates were incarcerated only for as long as it took to rehabilitate them
- Individualized treatment became the dominant correctional philosophy
- Incarceration was considered not appropriate for everyone - many could be rehabilitated in
the community
- Introduction of probation and parole
- Youth should be treated separately from adults
Canadian Corrections 1950s and 1960s - correct answer-Fauteux Commission investigated
the correctional system after a major riot at Kingston Penitentiary in 1954 - Commission
recommended a new type of correctional institution that included behavioural programs
- Specialized personnel should be hired and trained in social work, psychology and
criminology
National Parole Board established in 1959
Gradual release programs introduced
Halfway houses opened in the 1960s
Pre-1970s Optimism in the United States - correct answer-- Prisons were relabeled
correctional institutions and the American Prison Association became the American
Correctional Association
- New treatment programs introduced through the Prison Rehabilitation Act of 1965
- Community corrections became popular
- Was believed that evidence for offender rehabilitation could not be relied upon at this time
1970s Federal Task Force on Corrections Stated that: - correct answer-"the ultimate goal of
corrections under any theory is to make the community safer by reducing the incidence of
crime. Rehabilitation of offenders to prevent their return to crime is in general the most
promising way to achieve this end"
, Relational Theory - correct answer-- Women's sense of self is promoted through connection
rather than separation
- The focus is building and maintaining positive connections and relationships (Fortin, 2004)
- Men seek independence, women seek relationships (Festervan, 2003)
- Women's identities are damaged by disconnections or disruptions in their relationships
(abuse, incarceration, violence) (Pollack, 2007)
"Nothing Works" - correct answer-In 1989 the US Supreme Court removed rehabilitation
from serious consideration when sentencing offenders
State and federal prison populations went from 200,000 in early 1970's to 1.36 million by
2000
Efforts to "correct" offenders in the community were replaced by a focus on controlling them
through intensive supervision or electronic monitoring
Mandatory sentences, including Three Strikes legislation, prevented judicial flexibility and
discretion
Harper's Conservative Government 2006-2015 - correct answer-Abolition of Early Parole
Act, 2011
End of accelerated parole for first-time, non-violent offenders
Protecting Canadians by Ending Sentence Discounts for Multiple Murders Act, 2011
Stacking parole eligibility for multiple murderers
Abolition of faint-hope clause
Safe Streets and Communities Act came into law, 2012
End of use of "least restrictive measures" in prisons
Adoption of dozens of mandatory minimums
Tough on Crime Laws - correct answer-- The public loses faith in the justice system when
the punishment doesn't fit the crime
- Puts the rights of victims before the rights of offenders
- Protects children
- Keeps communities safe
- Cracks down on drugs, guns and gangs
- "Life means life"
Corrections
Role Clarification - correct answer-1.) Self-disclosure of the officer about his/her roles,
responsibilities and professional personality
2.) Soliciting the client's views and their likes/dislikes
3.) Client self-disclosure of his/her attitude/behaviour, personality related to community
supervision (ie. what the officer can expect from him/her)
4.) Collaborative agreement on expectations, roles, and responsibilities
Role Clarification 2 - correct answer-- Reduce power imbalance
- Lower anxieties
- Establish roles and expectations
- Model appropriate behaviour
- Build rapport and trust
- Build collaborative relationship
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - correct answer-Refers to the use of empirical data and
information, and to the use of research findings that are demonstrably effective
Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) Mission Statement - correct answer-The Correctional
Service of Canada (CSC), as part of the criminal justice system and respecting the rule of
law, contributes to public safety by actively encouraging and assisting offenders to become
law-abiding citizens, while exercising reasonable, safe, secure and humane control.
Crime in the 1800s - correct answer-- Prisons as we know them did not exist before the
1820s
- Local counties operated jails that looked like houses
- People were not incarcerated for purposes of punishment or reform - they were fined,
embarrassed, harmed or executed
- By the 1800s, crime was blamed on social disorder and the Quakers introduced the idea of
a penitentiary to house (and reform) "wayward" individuals
Penitent - correct answer-Adjective:
Feeling or showing sorrow and regret
for having done wrong;
repentant.
E.G. "a penitent expression"
,Synonyms: repentant, contrite, remorseful, sorry, apologetic, regretful, conscience-stricken,
rueful, ashamed, shamefaced, abject, in sackcloth and ashes
Noun:
A person who repents their sins or wrongdoings and (in the Christian Church) seeks
forgiveness from God.
The Progressive Era (1890s - 1920s) - correct answer-- Introduction of indeterminate
sentences - inmates were incarcerated only for as long as it took to rehabilitate them
- Individualized treatment became the dominant correctional philosophy
- Incarceration was considered not appropriate for everyone - many could be rehabilitated in
the community
- Introduction of probation and parole
- Youth should be treated separately from adults
Canadian Corrections 1950s and 1960s - correct answer-Fauteux Commission investigated
the correctional system after a major riot at Kingston Penitentiary in 1954 - Commission
recommended a new type of correctional institution that included behavioural programs
- Specialized personnel should be hired and trained in social work, psychology and
criminology
National Parole Board established in 1959
Gradual release programs introduced
Halfway houses opened in the 1960s
Pre-1970s Optimism in the United States - correct answer-- Prisons were relabeled
correctional institutions and the American Prison Association became the American
Correctional Association
- New treatment programs introduced through the Prison Rehabilitation Act of 1965
- Community corrections became popular
- Was believed that evidence for offender rehabilitation could not be relied upon at this time
1970s Federal Task Force on Corrections Stated that: - correct answer-"the ultimate goal of
corrections under any theory is to make the community safer by reducing the incidence of
crime. Rehabilitation of offenders to prevent their return to crime is in general the most
promising way to achieve this end"
, Relational Theory - correct answer-- Women's sense of self is promoted through connection
rather than separation
- The focus is building and maintaining positive connections and relationships (Fortin, 2004)
- Men seek independence, women seek relationships (Festervan, 2003)
- Women's identities are damaged by disconnections or disruptions in their relationships
(abuse, incarceration, violence) (Pollack, 2007)
"Nothing Works" - correct answer-In 1989 the US Supreme Court removed rehabilitation
from serious consideration when sentencing offenders
State and federal prison populations went from 200,000 in early 1970's to 1.36 million by
2000
Efforts to "correct" offenders in the community were replaced by a focus on controlling them
through intensive supervision or electronic monitoring
Mandatory sentences, including Three Strikes legislation, prevented judicial flexibility and
discretion
Harper's Conservative Government 2006-2015 - correct answer-Abolition of Early Parole
Act, 2011
End of accelerated parole for first-time, non-violent offenders
Protecting Canadians by Ending Sentence Discounts for Multiple Murders Act, 2011
Stacking parole eligibility for multiple murderers
Abolition of faint-hope clause
Safe Streets and Communities Act came into law, 2012
End of use of "least restrictive measures" in prisons
Adoption of dozens of mandatory minimums
Tough on Crime Laws - correct answer-- The public loses faith in the justice system when
the punishment doesn't fit the crime
- Puts the rights of victims before the rights of offenders
- Protects children
- Keeps communities safe
- Cracks down on drugs, guns and gangs
- "Life means life"
