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NOTES
Electric Charges and Fields
, Charge
An intrinsic property of matter.
Attractive fo
A charged body exerts a force on other charged bodies near it.
Repulsive fo
There are two types of charges:
𝑞
Unit of Charge: 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚
Dimensions of charge:
Opposite charges attract one another
Similar charges repel each other
, Electron
Neutron
Proton
Atom
Electron1
Heading Proton 1
Heading Neutron
Heading
Negative Charge: Positive Charge:
𝑒 − = −1𝑒 = −1.6 × 10−19 𝐶 𝑝+ = +1𝑒 = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶 No Charg
Note:
Charge can neither be created nor be destroyed.
Charge can only be transferred from one body to another.
The charge on a proton/magnitude of charge on an electron is also known as Element
charge or Fundamental charge.
Charge on any object is an integral multiple of 𝑒 𝑞 = ±𝑛𝑒 (𝑛 = 0,1,2 … . )
Charges on a body can be algebraically added (or
subtracted) to get the net charge on that body 𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 − 𝑞3 − 𝑞4 + 𝑞5
, A body has acquired a charge of 80 𝐶 through a particular process. What
T
is the difference between the number of protons and electrons in the
body?
𝑞 = 80 𝐶
𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑒
Applying quantization of charge principle,
𝑞 = 𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑒 𝑒
⇒ 80 = 𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑒 × 1.6 × 10−19
∴ 𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑒 = 5 × 1020
Note:
Charge observes relativistic invariance, i.e., its measured value
is independent of the frame of reference.
NOTES
Electric Charges and Fields
, Charge
An intrinsic property of matter.
Attractive fo
A charged body exerts a force on other charged bodies near it.
Repulsive fo
There are two types of charges:
𝑞
Unit of Charge: 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚
Dimensions of charge:
Opposite charges attract one another
Similar charges repel each other
, Electron
Neutron
Proton
Atom
Electron1
Heading Proton 1
Heading Neutron
Heading
Negative Charge: Positive Charge:
𝑒 − = −1𝑒 = −1.6 × 10−19 𝐶 𝑝+ = +1𝑒 = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶 No Charg
Note:
Charge can neither be created nor be destroyed.
Charge can only be transferred from one body to another.
The charge on a proton/magnitude of charge on an electron is also known as Element
charge or Fundamental charge.
Charge on any object is an integral multiple of 𝑒 𝑞 = ±𝑛𝑒 (𝑛 = 0,1,2 … . )
Charges on a body can be algebraically added (or
subtracted) to get the net charge on that body 𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 − 𝑞3 − 𝑞4 + 𝑞5
, A body has acquired a charge of 80 𝐶 through a particular process. What
T
is the difference between the number of protons and electrons in the
body?
𝑞 = 80 𝐶
𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑒
Applying quantization of charge principle,
𝑞 = 𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑒 𝑒
⇒ 80 = 𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑒 × 1.6 × 10−19
∴ 𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑒 = 5 × 1020
Note:
Charge observes relativistic invariance, i.e., its measured value
is independent of the frame of reference.
