WCU Pathophysiology 370 Final Exam
Study Guide
latent - correct answer-Time between exposure and when symptoms appear.
Prodromal - correct answer-early symptoms that may indicate the onset of a condition or
disease
endemic - correct answer-(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people;
characteristic of or prevalent in a field
subclinical - correct answer-without showing signs of disease
Primary prevention examples - correct answer-immunizations, pollution control, nutrition,
exercise
Allostasis - correct answer-process by which the body achieves stability through
physiological change
Hormones secreted during stress response - correct answer-Catecholamines: epinephrine
and norepinephrine
Glucocorticoids: cortisol and aldosterone
Others: endorphins(reduce pain), enkephalins, immune cytokines(enhance pain)
Selye's Three Phases of Stress Response - correct answer-alarm reaction, resistance,
exhaustion
Symphathetic Nervous system mediated by - correct answer-Norepinephrine
intracellular accumulations - correct answer-1. Excessive amounts of normal intracellular
substances such as fat.
2. Accumulation of abnormal substance produced by the cell because of faulty metabolism
or synthesis.
3. Accumulation of pigments and particles that the cell is unable to degrade.
Atrophy - correct answer-cell shrink and reduce their differentiated functions in response to
variety of normal and injurious factors.
Hypertrophy - correct answer-increase in cell size followed by augmented functional capacity
Hyperplasia - correct answer-increase in number of cells
Metaplasia - correct answer-Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Dysplasia - correct answer-abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
,necrosis - correct answer-cell death due to injury
Coagulative necrosis - correct answer-Cell proteins are altered or denatured - coagulation
liquefactive necrosis - correct answer--Dissolution of dead cells occur quickly
-Lysosomal enzymes dissolves tissues
Brain
-Rich in degradative enzymes, little supportive connective tissue
Bacterial or fungal infections
-Trigger accumulation of localized WBC
-Pus
Fat necrosis - correct answer-•Death of adipose tissue
•Results from trauma or pancreatitis
-Liquefy fat cells in peritoneum
•Visible white chalky areas
caseous necrosis - correct answer-degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like
appearance
Apoptosis - correct answer-programmed cell death
Side effects of chemotherapy include - correct answer-anemia, nausea, bleeding, and
infections
Cancer terminology - correct answer-oma, carcinoma, and sarcoma
oma - correct answer-tumor, mass
carcinoma - correct answer-cancerous tumor
sarcoma - correct answer-malignant tumor of connective tissue
Grading - correct answer-a method for evaluating a tumor based on microscopic
examination of the cells
Staging - correct answer-the process of classifying tumors with respect to how far the
disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient's
prognosis
Deficits in immune system function in cancer: - correct answer-chemotherapy, cancer cells,
cancer metastasis to bone marrow, and malnutrition
Tumor marker functions - correct answer-produced by normal cells, help determine cancer
origin, help identify progression of cancer, and include prostatic-specific antigen
Type 1 hypersensitivity - correct answer-IgE mediated hypersensitivity
, Ex: Allergies
Type 2 hypersensitivity - correct answer-IgG or IgM autoantibody directed against cells
i.e Hemolytic anemia
Type 3 hypersensitivity - correct answer-antigen-antibody complex deposition into tissues,
with consequent activation of complement and a subsequent self-sustaining inflammatory
reaction.
Type 4 hypersensitivity - correct answer-Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions.
T-cell and Macrophage mediated.
Ex: Tuberculosis
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) - correct answer-the most common form of leukemia in
adults over 70 years of age; characterized by overproduction of lymphocytes
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) - correct answer-Malignant granulocytes that carry a
unique chromosomal abnormality, the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+)
Multiple Myeloma (MM) - correct answer-Malignant proliferation of plasma cells
Infiltrate bone marrow and aggregate into tumor masses in skeletal system
Hairy Cell Leukemia - correct answer-Neoplastic proliferation of mature B cells characterized
by hairy cytoplasmic processes
autologous - correct answer-originating within an individual
allogenic - correct answer-originating within another
Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by - correct answer-recipient
antibodies
Red blood cells have no - correct answer-cytoplasmic organelles
Iron deficiency has low - correct answer-MCHC, MCH, and MCV
Carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as - correct answer-bicarbonate ion
Bilirubin can detect excessive - correct answer-red blood cell lysis
Kidneys produce - correct answer-erythropoietin
Iron is necessary for - correct answer-red blood cell production
Vitamin K deficiency: - correct answer-normal bleeding time, normal platelet count,
increased PT and INR
Aplastic Anemia leads to - correct answer-pancytopenia
Study Guide
latent - correct answer-Time between exposure and when symptoms appear.
Prodromal - correct answer-early symptoms that may indicate the onset of a condition or
disease
endemic - correct answer-(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people;
characteristic of or prevalent in a field
subclinical - correct answer-without showing signs of disease
Primary prevention examples - correct answer-immunizations, pollution control, nutrition,
exercise
Allostasis - correct answer-process by which the body achieves stability through
physiological change
Hormones secreted during stress response - correct answer-Catecholamines: epinephrine
and norepinephrine
Glucocorticoids: cortisol and aldosterone
Others: endorphins(reduce pain), enkephalins, immune cytokines(enhance pain)
Selye's Three Phases of Stress Response - correct answer-alarm reaction, resistance,
exhaustion
Symphathetic Nervous system mediated by - correct answer-Norepinephrine
intracellular accumulations - correct answer-1. Excessive amounts of normal intracellular
substances such as fat.
2. Accumulation of abnormal substance produced by the cell because of faulty metabolism
or synthesis.
3. Accumulation of pigments and particles that the cell is unable to degrade.
Atrophy - correct answer-cell shrink and reduce their differentiated functions in response to
variety of normal and injurious factors.
Hypertrophy - correct answer-increase in cell size followed by augmented functional capacity
Hyperplasia - correct answer-increase in number of cells
Metaplasia - correct answer-Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Dysplasia - correct answer-abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
,necrosis - correct answer-cell death due to injury
Coagulative necrosis - correct answer-Cell proteins are altered or denatured - coagulation
liquefactive necrosis - correct answer--Dissolution of dead cells occur quickly
-Lysosomal enzymes dissolves tissues
Brain
-Rich in degradative enzymes, little supportive connective tissue
Bacterial or fungal infections
-Trigger accumulation of localized WBC
-Pus
Fat necrosis - correct answer-•Death of adipose tissue
•Results from trauma or pancreatitis
-Liquefy fat cells in peritoneum
•Visible white chalky areas
caseous necrosis - correct answer-degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like
appearance
Apoptosis - correct answer-programmed cell death
Side effects of chemotherapy include - correct answer-anemia, nausea, bleeding, and
infections
Cancer terminology - correct answer-oma, carcinoma, and sarcoma
oma - correct answer-tumor, mass
carcinoma - correct answer-cancerous tumor
sarcoma - correct answer-malignant tumor of connective tissue
Grading - correct answer-a method for evaluating a tumor based on microscopic
examination of the cells
Staging - correct answer-the process of classifying tumors with respect to how far the
disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient's
prognosis
Deficits in immune system function in cancer: - correct answer-chemotherapy, cancer cells,
cancer metastasis to bone marrow, and malnutrition
Tumor marker functions - correct answer-produced by normal cells, help determine cancer
origin, help identify progression of cancer, and include prostatic-specific antigen
Type 1 hypersensitivity - correct answer-IgE mediated hypersensitivity
, Ex: Allergies
Type 2 hypersensitivity - correct answer-IgG or IgM autoantibody directed against cells
i.e Hemolytic anemia
Type 3 hypersensitivity - correct answer-antigen-antibody complex deposition into tissues,
with consequent activation of complement and a subsequent self-sustaining inflammatory
reaction.
Type 4 hypersensitivity - correct answer-Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions.
T-cell and Macrophage mediated.
Ex: Tuberculosis
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) - correct answer-the most common form of leukemia in
adults over 70 years of age; characterized by overproduction of lymphocytes
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) - correct answer-Malignant granulocytes that carry a
unique chromosomal abnormality, the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+)
Multiple Myeloma (MM) - correct answer-Malignant proliferation of plasma cells
Infiltrate bone marrow and aggregate into tumor masses in skeletal system
Hairy Cell Leukemia - correct answer-Neoplastic proliferation of mature B cells characterized
by hairy cytoplasmic processes
autologous - correct answer-originating within an individual
allogenic - correct answer-originating within another
Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by - correct answer-recipient
antibodies
Red blood cells have no - correct answer-cytoplasmic organelles
Iron deficiency has low - correct answer-MCHC, MCH, and MCV
Carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as - correct answer-bicarbonate ion
Bilirubin can detect excessive - correct answer-red blood cell lysis
Kidneys produce - correct answer-erythropoietin
Iron is necessary for - correct answer-red blood cell production
Vitamin K deficiency: - correct answer-normal bleeding time, normal platelet count,
increased PT and INR
Aplastic Anemia leads to - correct answer-pancytopenia
