PACKRAT Exam Questions | 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
A 16 year old has just moved schools. He is quiet, moody and not like himself at all. Within six months he
seems to have completely changed back to his previous personality. What is the most likely diagnosis? -
✔✔Adjustment disorder
What is the prophylactic antibiotic most commonly given before a dental procedure if one is necessary? -
✔✔Amoxicillin 2 grams po 1 hour before procedure
Wilson's disease is associated with a build up of what mineral? - ✔✔There is a deficiency of the copper
binding protein and therefore a buildup of copper.
Name one oral medication that can be used for MRSA. - ✔✔Linezolid (Zyvox) and Bactrim
Which cardiac medication is used to help with cardiac contractility after you have optimized most of the
other cardiac medications? - ✔✔Digoxin
What medication used in hepatitis B infection helps prevent the need for liver transplant? -
✔✔Lamivudine
How is celiac disease most commonly diagnosed? - ✔✔Endoscopic biopsy Mononucleosis
A 14 year old field hockey player presents with prominent adenopathy, white purple exudates in the
throat and a palpable spleen. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Wernicke's aphasia
A patient presents with what appears to be an inability to understand speech. Which aphasia should be
at the top of your differential? - ✔✔It is blood in the joint indicating a fracture even if the fracture line
cannot be seen.
A fat pad sign on a lateral x-ray of the elbow has what significance? - ✔✔It is blood in the joint indicating
a fracture even if the fracture line cannot be seen.
,A corkscrew appearance on barium study should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Esophageal
spasms
What is the treatment for Turner's syndrome? - ✔✔Cyclical estrogen and progesterone
What is the gold standard for diagnosing myocarditis? - ✔✔Myocardial biopsy
By what age should a child be able to hold up her head? - ✔✔3 months
On physical exam, you notice ulnar deviations and swan neck deformities. What is the most likely
diagnosis? - ✔✔Rheumatoid arthritis
What is the most accurate way to diagnose urethritis? - ✔✔Urine PCR
You hear a loud harsh holosystolic murmur in a child. It is heard best at the LLSB. What is the most likely
diagnosis? - ✔✔Ventricular septal defect
The accessory pathway known as the James bundle should make you think of what syndrome? -
✔✔Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
A Blalock procedure is used to correct what congenital heart condition? - ✔✔Tetralogy of Fallot
What medication can be used to control bleeding due to uterine atony? - ✔✔Oxytocin (Pitocin)
What is the most common cause of a folate deficiency? - ✔✔Alcoholism
List three risk factors for placental abruption. - ✔✔HTN, smoking, AMA, cocaine use, PROM
What ejection fraction is typical for a patient with CHF? - ✔✔35-40%
,What is the major concern with using lithium? - ✔✔It has a very narrow therapeutic window. Blood tests
are needed every four weeks.
List the four most common places lung cancer will metastasize to. - ✔✔Bone, brain, adrenals and liver
What is the main risk factor for esophagitis? - ✔✔Immunocompromised patient
An EKG shows a regular rate of 50 beats per minute. The QRS is narrow and there is no visible P wave.
What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Junctional rhythm
List two diagnoses which require antibiotic prophylaxis for "dirty procedures?" - ✔✔Prosthetic valve,
valve repair with any prosthetic material, prior endocarditis diagnosis, congential cyanotic heart defect
Does a patient with mitral valve prolapse require prophylactic antibiotics for dental work? - ✔✔No, a
recent change moves mitral valve prolapse from high risk to moderate risk.
A pregnant woman and cat litter should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Toxoplasmosis
What two valvular issues do patients with Marfan's syndrome often have? - ✔✔Aortic regurgitation and
mitral valve prolapse (you can tell them apart by where they are heard).
What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death? - ✔✔Ventricular fibrillation
A positive straight leg test indicates what diagnosis? - ✔✔Herniated disc
What two psychiatric issues are more common in males than females? - ✔✔Autism and ADD, the rest
are all either equal or more common in females.
How long must symptoms last before diagnosing ADD? - ✔✔6 months
What are the two most common organisms responsible for cellulitis? - ✔✔Strep and Staph
, Does total lung capacity go up or down in COPD? What organism causes Lyme disease? - ✔✔It goes up.
What organism is most commonly responsible for community acquired pneumonia? - ✔✔Borrelia
burgdorferi
An EEG showing focal rhythmic discharges at the onset of the seizure should make you think of what
diagnosis? - ✔✔Strep pneumoniae
What is the normal range for MCV? - ✔✔Simple partial seizure
A patient's lab work shows positive Smith antibody and positive double-stranded DNA antibodies. What
is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔80-100 Lupus
You hear a continuous machine-like murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA)
How do you administer the Weber hearing test? - ✔✔Tuning fork placed in the middle of the forehead
By what age should a child be able to kick a ball? - ✔✔24 months
A 6 year old boy seems to have all of the symptoms of ADD while at school, but at home he has no
problems. Does he have ADD? - ✔✔No, symptoms must occur in both settings for diagnosis.
Duchenne's and Becker's muscular dystrophy have what genetic characteristic? - ✔✔X-linked recessive
Why is folic acid given as a prenatal vitamin? - ✔✔Low folic acid can lead to neural tube defects.
Color blindness is transmitted through what genetic pattern? - ✔✔Dominant X-linked
A patient presents with facial paresis, arm drift and abnormal speech. What are the first three tests to
order? - ✔✔Thinking of a stroke you order a non-contrast brain CT or MRI, serum glucose and oxygen
saturation.
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
A 16 year old has just moved schools. He is quiet, moody and not like himself at all. Within six months he
seems to have completely changed back to his previous personality. What is the most likely diagnosis? -
✔✔Adjustment disorder
What is the prophylactic antibiotic most commonly given before a dental procedure if one is necessary? -
✔✔Amoxicillin 2 grams po 1 hour before procedure
Wilson's disease is associated with a build up of what mineral? - ✔✔There is a deficiency of the copper
binding protein and therefore a buildup of copper.
Name one oral medication that can be used for MRSA. - ✔✔Linezolid (Zyvox) and Bactrim
Which cardiac medication is used to help with cardiac contractility after you have optimized most of the
other cardiac medications? - ✔✔Digoxin
What medication used in hepatitis B infection helps prevent the need for liver transplant? -
✔✔Lamivudine
How is celiac disease most commonly diagnosed? - ✔✔Endoscopic biopsy Mononucleosis
A 14 year old field hockey player presents with prominent adenopathy, white purple exudates in the
throat and a palpable spleen. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Wernicke's aphasia
A patient presents with what appears to be an inability to understand speech. Which aphasia should be
at the top of your differential? - ✔✔It is blood in the joint indicating a fracture even if the fracture line
cannot be seen.
A fat pad sign on a lateral x-ray of the elbow has what significance? - ✔✔It is blood in the joint indicating
a fracture even if the fracture line cannot be seen.
,A corkscrew appearance on barium study should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Esophageal
spasms
What is the treatment for Turner's syndrome? - ✔✔Cyclical estrogen and progesterone
What is the gold standard for diagnosing myocarditis? - ✔✔Myocardial biopsy
By what age should a child be able to hold up her head? - ✔✔3 months
On physical exam, you notice ulnar deviations and swan neck deformities. What is the most likely
diagnosis? - ✔✔Rheumatoid arthritis
What is the most accurate way to diagnose urethritis? - ✔✔Urine PCR
You hear a loud harsh holosystolic murmur in a child. It is heard best at the LLSB. What is the most likely
diagnosis? - ✔✔Ventricular septal defect
The accessory pathway known as the James bundle should make you think of what syndrome? -
✔✔Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
A Blalock procedure is used to correct what congenital heart condition? - ✔✔Tetralogy of Fallot
What medication can be used to control bleeding due to uterine atony? - ✔✔Oxytocin (Pitocin)
What is the most common cause of a folate deficiency? - ✔✔Alcoholism
List three risk factors for placental abruption. - ✔✔HTN, smoking, AMA, cocaine use, PROM
What ejection fraction is typical for a patient with CHF? - ✔✔35-40%
,What is the major concern with using lithium? - ✔✔It has a very narrow therapeutic window. Blood tests
are needed every four weeks.
List the four most common places lung cancer will metastasize to. - ✔✔Bone, brain, adrenals and liver
What is the main risk factor for esophagitis? - ✔✔Immunocompromised patient
An EKG shows a regular rate of 50 beats per minute. The QRS is narrow and there is no visible P wave.
What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Junctional rhythm
List two diagnoses which require antibiotic prophylaxis for "dirty procedures?" - ✔✔Prosthetic valve,
valve repair with any prosthetic material, prior endocarditis diagnosis, congential cyanotic heart defect
Does a patient with mitral valve prolapse require prophylactic antibiotics for dental work? - ✔✔No, a
recent change moves mitral valve prolapse from high risk to moderate risk.
A pregnant woman and cat litter should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Toxoplasmosis
What two valvular issues do patients with Marfan's syndrome often have? - ✔✔Aortic regurgitation and
mitral valve prolapse (you can tell them apart by where they are heard).
What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death? - ✔✔Ventricular fibrillation
A positive straight leg test indicates what diagnosis? - ✔✔Herniated disc
What two psychiatric issues are more common in males than females? - ✔✔Autism and ADD, the rest
are all either equal or more common in females.
How long must symptoms last before diagnosing ADD? - ✔✔6 months
What are the two most common organisms responsible for cellulitis? - ✔✔Strep and Staph
, Does total lung capacity go up or down in COPD? What organism causes Lyme disease? - ✔✔It goes up.
What organism is most commonly responsible for community acquired pneumonia? - ✔✔Borrelia
burgdorferi
An EEG showing focal rhythmic discharges at the onset of the seizure should make you think of what
diagnosis? - ✔✔Strep pneumoniae
What is the normal range for MCV? - ✔✔Simple partial seizure
A patient's lab work shows positive Smith antibody and positive double-stranded DNA antibodies. What
is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔80-100 Lupus
You hear a continuous machine-like murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA)
How do you administer the Weber hearing test? - ✔✔Tuning fork placed in the middle of the forehead
By what age should a child be able to kick a ball? - ✔✔24 months
A 6 year old boy seems to have all of the symptoms of ADD while at school, but at home he has no
problems. Does he have ADD? - ✔✔No, symptoms must occur in both settings for diagnosis.
Duchenne's and Becker's muscular dystrophy have what genetic characteristic? - ✔✔X-linked recessive
Why is folic acid given as a prenatal vitamin? - ✔✔Low folic acid can lead to neural tube defects.
Color blindness is transmitted through what genetic pattern? - ✔✔Dominant X-linked
A patient presents with facial paresis, arm drift and abnormal speech. What are the first three tests to
order? - ✔✔Thinking of a stroke you order a non-contrast brain CT or MRI, serum glucose and oxygen
saturation.
