PC707 Module 3 Questions | 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
Anti-Ulcer drugs help by: - ✔✔
-altering gastric pH by decreasing acid secretion
-protecting the stomach wall lining by increasing mucosal protection
-eradicating harmful bacteria Ex: H. Pylori
What are the main pharmacologic categories of drugs we used to manage gastric acid secretion and the
effects: - ✔✔
-antacids
-H2 receptor antagonists
-proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
-prostoglandin analogs
-mucosal protectant sulcrafate (Carafate)
What is the first OTC medication tried by patients with dyspepsia? - ✔✔-Antacids
-->these are typically not effective for persistant GERD and PUD
What are antacids? How do they work? - ✔✔-organic salts
-neutralize the hydrochloric acid in the stomach
-raises the gastric pH above 4.0
What are the main side effects of antacids? - ✔✔-diarrhea
-constipation
What are the different categories of antacids? - ✔✔-calcium carbonate
-sodium bicarbonate
-aluminum based
,-magnesium based
-aluminum hydroxide
What is important teaching for patients taking antacids? - ✔✔-decreasing the stomach pH can cause the
decrease absorption of drugs that rely on acidic conditions
-if taking enteric coated medications--reducing stomach acid can cause the medication to dissolve and
absorb in the stomach instead of the intestine
**always separate antacids from other medications by 2 hours**
Calcium carbonate antacids: - ✔✔-Tums
-can cause CONSTIPATION
-require adequate fluid intake to dissolve
-can be used in patients needing to take an antacid who also could benefit from extra calcium intake. -
potential for milk "alkali" syndrome, metabolic alkalosis
Sodium Bicarbonate antacids: - ✔✔-Alka Seltzer
-contains aspirin (ASA)
-potential to WORSEN GI distress. -increased risk for water retention and fluid overload
-potential to cause hypertension
-Contraindicated in pregnancy, children, patient with CVD*
Aluminum based antacids: - ✔✔-Amphogel
-can cause CONSTIPATION
-requires adequate fluid intake to dissolve
-Contraindicated in patients with renal insufficiency*
Magnesium based antacids: - ✔✔-Milk of magnesia
-suspension mixture is more effective
-can cause DIARRHEA
-Contraindicated in renal insufficiency*
, Aluminum hydroxide antacids: - ✔✔-may decrease the absorption of warfarin*. -can cause a chelating
affect with drugs such as tetracyclines, warfarin, and digoxin—potentially decreasing their absorption &
effectiveness -high affinity for phosphate—may cause hypophasphatemia
What can cause heartburn in pregnancy? - ✔✔-hormonal fluctuations
-anatomic changes
Are antacids safe in pregnancy? - ✔✔-Yes, due to poor absorption
-EXCEPT sodium bicarbonate (AlkaSeltzer) due to aspirin content, risk for fetal and maternal metabolic
alkalosis, and fluid retention and overload*
What are the typical order of interventions for pregnancy heartburn? - ✔✔-lifestyle changes then try
antacids
-Milk of magnesia is first line* --category B
-Tums--category C
-make sure to consider if she has diarrhea or constipation
-if antacids fail to work--H2 receptor antagonists are next
-Zantac is the most studied and deemed the safest H2 blocker in pregnancy*—however, Zantac currently
is being investigated to have a carcinogen—Pepcid is a great alternative
What are H2 receptor antagonists? How is it different from H1 receptor antagonists? - ✔✔-H2 receptors
are primarily in the parietal cells of the stomach and when stimulated increase the secretion of gastric
acid
-H2 blockers help to competitively block the binding to these receptors--therefore decreasing acid
secretion*
-this is different from H1 blockers--which primarily blocks the histamine that is involved in allergic
reactions
What are the different types of H2 receptor antagonists? - ✔✔-cimetidine (Tagamet)
-famotidine (Pepcid)
-ranitidine (Zantac)
-nizatidine (Axid)
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
Anti-Ulcer drugs help by: - ✔✔
-altering gastric pH by decreasing acid secretion
-protecting the stomach wall lining by increasing mucosal protection
-eradicating harmful bacteria Ex: H. Pylori
What are the main pharmacologic categories of drugs we used to manage gastric acid secretion and the
effects: - ✔✔
-antacids
-H2 receptor antagonists
-proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
-prostoglandin analogs
-mucosal protectant sulcrafate (Carafate)
What is the first OTC medication tried by patients with dyspepsia? - ✔✔-Antacids
-->these are typically not effective for persistant GERD and PUD
What are antacids? How do they work? - ✔✔-organic salts
-neutralize the hydrochloric acid in the stomach
-raises the gastric pH above 4.0
What are the main side effects of antacids? - ✔✔-diarrhea
-constipation
What are the different categories of antacids? - ✔✔-calcium carbonate
-sodium bicarbonate
-aluminum based
,-magnesium based
-aluminum hydroxide
What is important teaching for patients taking antacids? - ✔✔-decreasing the stomach pH can cause the
decrease absorption of drugs that rely on acidic conditions
-if taking enteric coated medications--reducing stomach acid can cause the medication to dissolve and
absorb in the stomach instead of the intestine
**always separate antacids from other medications by 2 hours**
Calcium carbonate antacids: - ✔✔-Tums
-can cause CONSTIPATION
-require adequate fluid intake to dissolve
-can be used in patients needing to take an antacid who also could benefit from extra calcium intake. -
potential for milk "alkali" syndrome, metabolic alkalosis
Sodium Bicarbonate antacids: - ✔✔-Alka Seltzer
-contains aspirin (ASA)
-potential to WORSEN GI distress. -increased risk for water retention and fluid overload
-potential to cause hypertension
-Contraindicated in pregnancy, children, patient with CVD*
Aluminum based antacids: - ✔✔-Amphogel
-can cause CONSTIPATION
-requires adequate fluid intake to dissolve
-Contraindicated in patients with renal insufficiency*
Magnesium based antacids: - ✔✔-Milk of magnesia
-suspension mixture is more effective
-can cause DIARRHEA
-Contraindicated in renal insufficiency*
, Aluminum hydroxide antacids: - ✔✔-may decrease the absorption of warfarin*. -can cause a chelating
affect with drugs such as tetracyclines, warfarin, and digoxin—potentially decreasing their absorption &
effectiveness -high affinity for phosphate—may cause hypophasphatemia
What can cause heartburn in pregnancy? - ✔✔-hormonal fluctuations
-anatomic changes
Are antacids safe in pregnancy? - ✔✔-Yes, due to poor absorption
-EXCEPT sodium bicarbonate (AlkaSeltzer) due to aspirin content, risk for fetal and maternal metabolic
alkalosis, and fluid retention and overload*
What are the typical order of interventions for pregnancy heartburn? - ✔✔-lifestyle changes then try
antacids
-Milk of magnesia is first line* --category B
-Tums--category C
-make sure to consider if she has diarrhea or constipation
-if antacids fail to work--H2 receptor antagonists are next
-Zantac is the most studied and deemed the safest H2 blocker in pregnancy*—however, Zantac currently
is being investigated to have a carcinogen—Pepcid is a great alternative
What are H2 receptor antagonists? How is it different from H1 receptor antagonists? - ✔✔-H2 receptors
are primarily in the parietal cells of the stomach and when stimulated increase the secretion of gastric
acid
-H2 blockers help to competitively block the binding to these receptors--therefore decreasing acid
secretion*
-this is different from H1 blockers--which primarily blocks the histamine that is involved in allergic
reactions
What are the different types of H2 receptor antagonists? - ✔✔-cimetidine (Tagamet)
-famotidine (Pepcid)
-ranitidine (Zantac)
-nizatidine (Axid)
