PC 707 Final Safety Exam | 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
IgE mediated allergic reaction that happens after the 2nd exposure to the antigen? - ✔✔Type I
Immediate hypersensitivity
Delayed Allergic reaction involving T cell in the skin? - ✔✔Type IV Reaction
Primary treatment for a Type 1 Allergic response? - ✔✔Epinephrine
Adjunctive treatment for a Type 1 Allergic response - ✔✔
‣ H1 Blockers
‣ Corticosteroids help prevent bi phasic reactions
‣ Bronchodilators provide some relief-
One of the most Severe forms of a Type IV allergic reactions. - ✔✔‣ Stevens Johnson Syndrome
‣ Toxic epidermal necrolysis
When considering a drug "re challenge" after reaction what are crucial factors the APRN must consider?
- ✔✔‣ What drug the patient reacted to
‣ The severity of the reaction (never again in Type I or severe type IV) *most important*
What Black Box Warning does Carbamazepine & Lamictal carry? - ✔✔Potential life-threatening
dermatologic reaction, including Steven's Johnson and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
What Black Box Warning does Promethazine (Phenergan)
antiemetic carry? - ✔✔Potential for life threatening respiratory depression in children.
What Black Box Warning do Fluoroquinolones carry? - ✔✔Potential for tendon rupture
, What Black Box Warning does SSRIs carry? - ✔✔Potential increased risk of suicide in teens.
What Black Box Warning does opioids carry? - ✔✔Combining opioids & benzodiazepines can cause
extreme sleepiness, slowed breathing & death
Insulin/Sulfonaureas adverse effect - ✔✔Hypoglycemia!
Tricyclic Antidepressants - ✔✔Very risky for overdose
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) adverse effect - ✔✔Pulmonary Toxicity (rare )
Proton Pump Inhibitors Increases the risks for - ✔✔‣ Upon starting: Community acquired pneumonia
‣ Over time more likely to get infections like TB
‣ Over time possible increased potential for fractures
Bisphosphonates potential risk - ✔✔osteonecrosis of the jaw
As we age, our kidneys become smaller & there is a decrease in renal blood flow. Why is this a
prescribing consideration? - ✔✔Decreased renal clearance of drugs
As we age, our liver become smaller, has decreased blood flow & first pass metabolism decreases. Why is
this a prescribing consideration? - ✔✔Decreased liver size also means decreased production of CYP 450
enzymes!
So if you need to select a drug for the elderly, try to select drugs that use Phase 2 metabolism (not
affected by age) Phase I is affected & involves the CYPs.
AS we age, there is a decrease in total body water by 10-15%! Why is this a concern when prescribing for
the elderly? - ✔✔Decrease in total body water results in decreased distribution of water soluble
medications & causes increased serum levels of drugs.
Why are the elderly at higher risk of Torsades de Points? - ✔✔Elderly tend to be on more drugs, so more
of a chance to have multiple QT prolongation drugs.
Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
IgE mediated allergic reaction that happens after the 2nd exposure to the antigen? - ✔✔Type I
Immediate hypersensitivity
Delayed Allergic reaction involving T cell in the skin? - ✔✔Type IV Reaction
Primary treatment for a Type 1 Allergic response? - ✔✔Epinephrine
Adjunctive treatment for a Type 1 Allergic response - ✔✔
‣ H1 Blockers
‣ Corticosteroids help prevent bi phasic reactions
‣ Bronchodilators provide some relief-
One of the most Severe forms of a Type IV allergic reactions. - ✔✔‣ Stevens Johnson Syndrome
‣ Toxic epidermal necrolysis
When considering a drug "re challenge" after reaction what are crucial factors the APRN must consider?
- ✔✔‣ What drug the patient reacted to
‣ The severity of the reaction (never again in Type I or severe type IV) *most important*
What Black Box Warning does Carbamazepine & Lamictal carry? - ✔✔Potential life-threatening
dermatologic reaction, including Steven's Johnson and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
What Black Box Warning does Promethazine (Phenergan)
antiemetic carry? - ✔✔Potential for life threatening respiratory depression in children.
What Black Box Warning do Fluoroquinolones carry? - ✔✔Potential for tendon rupture
, What Black Box Warning does SSRIs carry? - ✔✔Potential increased risk of suicide in teens.
What Black Box Warning does opioids carry? - ✔✔Combining opioids & benzodiazepines can cause
extreme sleepiness, slowed breathing & death
Insulin/Sulfonaureas adverse effect - ✔✔Hypoglycemia!
Tricyclic Antidepressants - ✔✔Very risky for overdose
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) adverse effect - ✔✔Pulmonary Toxicity (rare )
Proton Pump Inhibitors Increases the risks for - ✔✔‣ Upon starting: Community acquired pneumonia
‣ Over time more likely to get infections like TB
‣ Over time possible increased potential for fractures
Bisphosphonates potential risk - ✔✔osteonecrosis of the jaw
As we age, our kidneys become smaller & there is a decrease in renal blood flow. Why is this a
prescribing consideration? - ✔✔Decreased renal clearance of drugs
As we age, our liver become smaller, has decreased blood flow & first pass metabolism decreases. Why is
this a prescribing consideration? - ✔✔Decreased liver size also means decreased production of CYP 450
enzymes!
So if you need to select a drug for the elderly, try to select drugs that use Phase 2 metabolism (not
affected by age) Phase I is affected & involves the CYPs.
AS we age, there is a decrease in total body water by 10-15%! Why is this a concern when prescribing for
the elderly? - ✔✔Decrease in total body water results in decreased distribution of water soluble
medications & causes increased serum levels of drugs.
Why are the elderly at higher risk of Torsades de Points? - ✔✔Elderly tend to be on more drugs, so more
of a chance to have multiple QT prolongation drugs.
