,PATIENT PRACTITIONER
RELATIONSHIP
, Non-verbal communication
PROCEDURE
• Ppts asked to complete interview after their
visit to the doctor
• Male dressing: white coat over formal suit,
formal suit, tweed jacket and informal
AIM 1: whether patients think the way shirt+tie, sports shirt+cardigan and casual
doctors dress influences their effectiveness trouser, jeans and a t-shirt
as a doctor • Female dressing: White coat over skirt and
jumper, skirt+blouse+woolen jumper, pink
AIM 2: To investigate whether there was a trousers+jumper+gold earrings
demographic difference between beliefs of • ppts asked “which doctor would you feel
patients happiest about seeing for the first time”:
y
gave each photo a score between 0-5
DESIGN
Mckinstry and Wang • Sample: 475 participants from 5
Example study 1 general practices in Scotland
-
EVAL • 8 photos: 5 of the same man
(+) Generalisability: large sample (475ppts), dressed differently, 3 of the
wide range of ages, 5 general practices same woman dressed differently
(+)Reliability: standardisation of the photos (models posed in the same way)
used (same models, same 2 sets of photos
(-)Ungeneralisable: all ppts from the same
area (scotland), sig. more women than men,
unbalanced proportion of social class
• Application to everyday life: doctors
clothing can affect how confident a
patient is in their doctor and how they
likely they are to take advice
RESULTS
• Doctor in the smart suit was the most popular of the male
doctors, followed by tweed jacket and tie and white coat over
suit which were almost identical in their ranking
• Female doctor in traditional clothing (Jumper and skirt) was most
popular
• The scores for the women were higher than that of the man
• 41% of patients felt confident in the ability of the doctors—>
more likely to be confident in the make doctor in the suit
followed by the white coat and the female doctor in the white
coat followed by the skirt and jumper
• 28% would be unhappy consulting with any of the doctors
• 64% thought that the doctor’s dressing was very important
Aim 1
, Verbal communication
AIM: investigated the communication
barriers between patients and doctors
(focused on doctor-based erros)
DESIGN
·
• Pilot study: words used in a scottish
hospital
• Sample: Mothers in the maternity ward:
Under-utilisers (didn’t attend antenatal
PROCEDURE care as expected and utilisers (attended
• Gathered a list of 57 words used antenatal care regularly)
regularly by a range of doctors: the
lsit was broken down to 13 words
which were presented in an interview
to the respondents
• Ppts asked to read the word, hear it
being used in a sentence and asked to
define the word Mckinlay
Example study 2
%
• Patients responses were repeated on a
standard identified by the patients
number and then scored by 2
independent doctors (male and female)
RESULTS
• Compared the comprehension levels of
under-untilisers and utilisers: found
that utilisers understood 11/13 words
• 84% of under-utilisers understood the
term breech, 100% of utilisers
EVAL
understood the term breech
(+)Inter-rater reliability: two doctors blindly and
• Doctors predicted that understanding of
independently rated responses
this term would only be adequate in
• Nomothetic: Quantitative data gathered
22% of the respondents
• Application- helps patients understand medical terms
• Cultural differences: language barrier with medical
terms
• Situational: People who went for less antenatal care
had less knowledge of medical terms
• Nurture: people with access to higher education are
more likely to know the basic meaning of some
medical terms compared to others
RELATIONSHIP
, Non-verbal communication
PROCEDURE
• Ppts asked to complete interview after their
visit to the doctor
• Male dressing: white coat over formal suit,
formal suit, tweed jacket and informal
AIM 1: whether patients think the way shirt+tie, sports shirt+cardigan and casual
doctors dress influences their effectiveness trouser, jeans and a t-shirt
as a doctor • Female dressing: White coat over skirt and
jumper, skirt+blouse+woolen jumper, pink
AIM 2: To investigate whether there was a trousers+jumper+gold earrings
demographic difference between beliefs of • ppts asked “which doctor would you feel
patients happiest about seeing for the first time”:
y
gave each photo a score between 0-5
DESIGN
Mckinstry and Wang • Sample: 475 participants from 5
Example study 1 general practices in Scotland
-
EVAL • 8 photos: 5 of the same man
(+) Generalisability: large sample (475ppts), dressed differently, 3 of the
wide range of ages, 5 general practices same woman dressed differently
(+)Reliability: standardisation of the photos (models posed in the same way)
used (same models, same 2 sets of photos
(-)Ungeneralisable: all ppts from the same
area (scotland), sig. more women than men,
unbalanced proportion of social class
• Application to everyday life: doctors
clothing can affect how confident a
patient is in their doctor and how they
likely they are to take advice
RESULTS
• Doctor in the smart suit was the most popular of the male
doctors, followed by tweed jacket and tie and white coat over
suit which were almost identical in their ranking
• Female doctor in traditional clothing (Jumper and skirt) was most
popular
• The scores for the women were higher than that of the man
• 41% of patients felt confident in the ability of the doctors—>
more likely to be confident in the make doctor in the suit
followed by the white coat and the female doctor in the white
coat followed by the skirt and jumper
• 28% would be unhappy consulting with any of the doctors
• 64% thought that the doctor’s dressing was very important
Aim 1
, Verbal communication
AIM: investigated the communication
barriers between patients and doctors
(focused on doctor-based erros)
DESIGN
·
• Pilot study: words used in a scottish
hospital
• Sample: Mothers in the maternity ward:
Under-utilisers (didn’t attend antenatal
PROCEDURE care as expected and utilisers (attended
• Gathered a list of 57 words used antenatal care regularly)
regularly by a range of doctors: the
lsit was broken down to 13 words
which were presented in an interview
to the respondents
• Ppts asked to read the word, hear it
being used in a sentence and asked to
define the word Mckinlay
Example study 2
%
• Patients responses were repeated on a
standard identified by the patients
number and then scored by 2
independent doctors (male and female)
RESULTS
• Compared the comprehension levels of
under-untilisers and utilisers: found
that utilisers understood 11/13 words
• 84% of under-utilisers understood the
term breech, 100% of utilisers
EVAL
understood the term breech
(+)Inter-rater reliability: two doctors blindly and
• Doctors predicted that understanding of
independently rated responses
this term would only be adequate in
• Nomothetic: Quantitative data gathered
22% of the respondents
• Application- helps patients understand medical terms
• Cultural differences: language barrier with medical
terms
• Situational: People who went for less antenatal care
had less knowledge of medical terms
• Nurture: people with access to higher education are
more likely to know the basic meaning of some
medical terms compared to others
