Chapter 14-chemistry
The term emergent design in qualitative inquiry refers to a research design that emerges at
which of the following times?
A) During the conduct of a literature review
B) While the researcher develops a conceptual framework
C) Before the study is begun
D) While the researcher is in the field collecting data - correct answer-Ans: D
Feedback:
Qualitative research involves an emergent designóa design that emerges in the field as the
study unfolds not during the conduct of a literature review, while the researcher develops a
conceptual framework, or before the study is begun.
Which of the following is an issue that a qualitative researcher attends to in planning a
study? Select all that apply.
A) Selecting a site
B) Identifying needed equipment for field work
C) Selecting research instruments
D) Determining the maximum amount of time available for field work - correct answer-Ans:
A, B, D
Feedback:
Qualitative researchers make advance decisions with regard to their research tradition, the
study site, and the maximum amount of time available for the study, a broad data collection
strategy, and the equipment they will need in the field. They do not select research
instruments in planning a study.
Which of the following design features can apply to both a qualitative and quantitative study?
A) Manipulation of the independent variable
B) Cross-sectional versus longitudinal data collection
C) Control over confounding variables
D) Random assignment of study participants - correct answer-Ans: B
Feedback:
Qualitative research, like quantitative research, can be either cross-sectional, with one data
collection point, or longitudinal, with multiple data collection points designed to observe the
evolution of a phenomenon. Qualitative research is almost always
nonexperimentalóalthough a qualitative substudy may be embedded in an experiment (see
Chapter 18). Qualitative researchers do not conceptualize their studies as having
independent and dependent variables, and they rarely control any aspect of the people or
environment under study. Blinding is rarely used by qualitative researchers. The goal is to
develop a rich understanding of a phenomenon as it exists and as it is constructed by
individuals within their own context.
Hermeneutics is closely allied with which research tradition?
A) Ethnography
B) Phenomenology
C) Grounded theory
, D) Symbolic Interaction - correct answer-Ans: B
Feedback:
Interpretive phenomenology (hermeneutics) focuses on interpreting the meaning of
experiences, rather than just describing them. Ethnography focuses on the culture of a group
of people and relies on extensive field work that usually includes participant observation and
in-depth interviews with key informants. Grounded theory researchers try to account for
people's actions by focusing on the main concern that their behavior is designed to resolve.
Grounded theory has its theoretical roots in symbolic interaction, which focuses on the
manner in which people make sense of social interactions.
Ethnographers strive to do which of the following?
A) Understand human cultures
B) Develop an etic perspective
C) Link the etic and emic perspectives into a unified whole
D) Understand the essence of a phenomenon - correct answer-Ans: A
Feedback:
Ethnography focuses on the culture of a group of people and relies on extensive field work
that usually includes participant observation and in-depth interviews with key informants.
Ethnographers strive to acquire an emic (insider's) perspective of a culture rather than an
etic (outsider's) perspective. Phenomenologists seek to discover the essence and meaning
of a phenomenon as it is experienced by people, mainly through in-depth interviews with
people who have had the relevant experience.
An ethnographic study of a clinic that specialized in abortion services by someone from
outside that culture would most likely be an example of which of the following?
A) An auto-ethnography
B) A critical ethnography
C) A microethnography
D) A macroethnography - correct answer-Ans: C
Feedback:
Ethnographic research sometimes concerns broadly defined cultures, in what is sometimes
referred to as a macroethnography. However, ethnographies sometimes focus on more
narrowly defined cultures in a microethnography or focused ethnography. Ethnographers are
often, but not always, ìoutsidersî to the culture under study. A type of ethnography that
involves self-scrutiny (including scrutiny of groups or cultures to which researchers
themselves belong) is called auto-ethnography or insider research. Critical ethnography
focuses on raising consciousness in the hope of effecting social change.
Which of the following is a step in descriptive phenomenology? Select all that apply.
A) Bracketing
B) Inferring
C) Analyzing
D) Describing - correct answer-Ans: A, C, D
Feedback:
In descriptive phenomenology, which seeks to describe lived experiences, researchers strive
to bracket out preconceived views and to intuit the essence of the phenomenon by
remaining open to meanings attributed to it by those who have experienced it, and then to
analyze and describe them. Inferring is not a step in descriptive phenomenology.
The term emergent design in qualitative inquiry refers to a research design that emerges at
which of the following times?
A) During the conduct of a literature review
B) While the researcher develops a conceptual framework
C) Before the study is begun
D) While the researcher is in the field collecting data - correct answer-Ans: D
Feedback:
Qualitative research involves an emergent designóa design that emerges in the field as the
study unfolds not during the conduct of a literature review, while the researcher develops a
conceptual framework, or before the study is begun.
Which of the following is an issue that a qualitative researcher attends to in planning a
study? Select all that apply.
A) Selecting a site
B) Identifying needed equipment for field work
C) Selecting research instruments
D) Determining the maximum amount of time available for field work - correct answer-Ans:
A, B, D
Feedback:
Qualitative researchers make advance decisions with regard to their research tradition, the
study site, and the maximum amount of time available for the study, a broad data collection
strategy, and the equipment they will need in the field. They do not select research
instruments in planning a study.
Which of the following design features can apply to both a qualitative and quantitative study?
A) Manipulation of the independent variable
B) Cross-sectional versus longitudinal data collection
C) Control over confounding variables
D) Random assignment of study participants - correct answer-Ans: B
Feedback:
Qualitative research, like quantitative research, can be either cross-sectional, with one data
collection point, or longitudinal, with multiple data collection points designed to observe the
evolution of a phenomenon. Qualitative research is almost always
nonexperimentalóalthough a qualitative substudy may be embedded in an experiment (see
Chapter 18). Qualitative researchers do not conceptualize their studies as having
independent and dependent variables, and they rarely control any aspect of the people or
environment under study. Blinding is rarely used by qualitative researchers. The goal is to
develop a rich understanding of a phenomenon as it exists and as it is constructed by
individuals within their own context.
Hermeneutics is closely allied with which research tradition?
A) Ethnography
B) Phenomenology
C) Grounded theory
, D) Symbolic Interaction - correct answer-Ans: B
Feedback:
Interpretive phenomenology (hermeneutics) focuses on interpreting the meaning of
experiences, rather than just describing them. Ethnography focuses on the culture of a group
of people and relies on extensive field work that usually includes participant observation and
in-depth interviews with key informants. Grounded theory researchers try to account for
people's actions by focusing on the main concern that their behavior is designed to resolve.
Grounded theory has its theoretical roots in symbolic interaction, which focuses on the
manner in which people make sense of social interactions.
Ethnographers strive to do which of the following?
A) Understand human cultures
B) Develop an etic perspective
C) Link the etic and emic perspectives into a unified whole
D) Understand the essence of a phenomenon - correct answer-Ans: A
Feedback:
Ethnography focuses on the culture of a group of people and relies on extensive field work
that usually includes participant observation and in-depth interviews with key informants.
Ethnographers strive to acquire an emic (insider's) perspective of a culture rather than an
etic (outsider's) perspective. Phenomenologists seek to discover the essence and meaning
of a phenomenon as it is experienced by people, mainly through in-depth interviews with
people who have had the relevant experience.
An ethnographic study of a clinic that specialized in abortion services by someone from
outside that culture would most likely be an example of which of the following?
A) An auto-ethnography
B) A critical ethnography
C) A microethnography
D) A macroethnography - correct answer-Ans: C
Feedback:
Ethnographic research sometimes concerns broadly defined cultures, in what is sometimes
referred to as a macroethnography. However, ethnographies sometimes focus on more
narrowly defined cultures in a microethnography or focused ethnography. Ethnographers are
often, but not always, ìoutsidersî to the culture under study. A type of ethnography that
involves self-scrutiny (including scrutiny of groups or cultures to which researchers
themselves belong) is called auto-ethnography or insider research. Critical ethnography
focuses on raising consciousness in the hope of effecting social change.
Which of the following is a step in descriptive phenomenology? Select all that apply.
A) Bracketing
B) Inferring
C) Analyzing
D) Describing - correct answer-Ans: A, C, D
Feedback:
In descriptive phenomenology, which seeks to describe lived experiences, researchers strive
to bracket out preconceived views and to intuit the essence of the phenomenon by
remaining open to meanings attributed to it by those who have experienced it, and then to
analyze and describe them. Inferring is not a step in descriptive phenomenology.
