Renal - L2 - Kidney Development
Dutch Hunger Winter Study
-at the end of WWII, there was a famine in the Netherlands
-individuals who were in utero at the time of the famine later grew up to be at an increased
risk for obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and schizophrenia
-differences in methylation were found when compared to sibling controls who were not in
utero at the time of the famine
Methylation of DNA
-inactivates genes or altered gene activity (prevents binding of transcription factors and
deacetylation of histones)
-heritable during cell division
-prenatal exposure to nicotine and other toxins causes significant epigenetic changes and
fetal cord blood and placenta
Congenital kidney and urinary tract abnormalities occur in 1 out of _____ newborns and
plays a significant role in the kidney and other diseases.
500
Germ layers formed during gastrulation
1. Endoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Ectoderm
From which germ layers do these components of the urinary system arise?
-liver and lungs
-bladder epithelium
-urogenital system + nephrons
-innervation
-muscles of the bladder
-epidermis
-endoderm
-endoderm
-mesoderm
-ectoderm
-mesoderm
-ectoderm
Kidney development in the human embryo happens in week _____.
3
, Paraxial mesoderm
-gives rise to somites
-develop in a cranial to caudal axis
-eventually forms vertebrae, skeletal muscle, connective tissue
Intermediate mesoderm forms
urogenital system
Parietal and visceral mesoderm
-parietal underlies ectoderm
-visceral overlies endoderm
-space in between forms the dorsal and ventral body cavities
Kidney development occurs ______ and _____.
laterally and symmetrically
The urinary system arises from _____ and forms a _____ on either side of the aorta.
-intermediate mesoderm
-urogenital ridge
The mammalian definitive kidney (metanephros) arises at approximately day ______ of
human gestation.
32 to 35
Embryonic kidney development arises from 3 successive structures of increasingly
advanced design...what are they?
1. pronephros
2. mesonephros
3. metenephros (final kidney)
Stage 1: Pronephros
-(Week 4) The mesonephric duct starts to develop along the 5th to 7th cervical axial levels
by epithelialization of intermediate mesoderm
-(Day 24-25) Mesoderm-derived cells also form primitive tubules that join the mesonephric
duct
Dutch Hunger Winter Study
-at the end of WWII, there was a famine in the Netherlands
-individuals who were in utero at the time of the famine later grew up to be at an increased
risk for obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and schizophrenia
-differences in methylation were found when compared to sibling controls who were not in
utero at the time of the famine
Methylation of DNA
-inactivates genes or altered gene activity (prevents binding of transcription factors and
deacetylation of histones)
-heritable during cell division
-prenatal exposure to nicotine and other toxins causes significant epigenetic changes and
fetal cord blood and placenta
Congenital kidney and urinary tract abnormalities occur in 1 out of _____ newborns and
plays a significant role in the kidney and other diseases.
500
Germ layers formed during gastrulation
1. Endoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Ectoderm
From which germ layers do these components of the urinary system arise?
-liver and lungs
-bladder epithelium
-urogenital system + nephrons
-innervation
-muscles of the bladder
-epidermis
-endoderm
-endoderm
-mesoderm
-ectoderm
-mesoderm
-ectoderm
Kidney development in the human embryo happens in week _____.
3
, Paraxial mesoderm
-gives rise to somites
-develop in a cranial to caudal axis
-eventually forms vertebrae, skeletal muscle, connective tissue
Intermediate mesoderm forms
urogenital system
Parietal and visceral mesoderm
-parietal underlies ectoderm
-visceral overlies endoderm
-space in between forms the dorsal and ventral body cavities
Kidney development occurs ______ and _____.
laterally and symmetrically
The urinary system arises from _____ and forms a _____ on either side of the aorta.
-intermediate mesoderm
-urogenital ridge
The mammalian definitive kidney (metanephros) arises at approximately day ______ of
human gestation.
32 to 35
Embryonic kidney development arises from 3 successive structures of increasingly
advanced design...what are they?
1. pronephros
2. mesonephros
3. metenephros (final kidney)
Stage 1: Pronephros
-(Week 4) The mesonephric duct starts to develop along the 5th to 7th cervical axial levels
by epithelialization of intermediate mesoderm
-(Day 24-25) Mesoderm-derived cells also form primitive tubules that join the mesonephric
duct
