The Upper Limb
List the bones, anatomical names and common names for the different parts of the upper
limb. - correct answer-Region Name Bones
Shoulder Shoulder Scapula/Clavical
(Neck->Arm) (Pectoral Girdle)
Arm Brachium Humerus
(Should->Elbow)
Forearm Antebrachium Radius/Ulna
(Elbow->Hand)
Hand Manus(wrist->carpus) Carpal Bones
Hand proper->metacarpus Metacarpals
Finger->Digits Phalanges
List a general function of each of the scapula and clavicle. - correct answer-Scapula: Muscle
attachments
Axial skeleton->Scapula
Clavicle: "strut" to project lim laterally (climbing)
Transmit energy from appendicular->axial skeleton
ex) falling down and landing on hands
List the four articulations of the shoulder region, their classification and movements. - correct
answer-1. Sternum->Clavicle=sternoclavicular joint
-synovial/multiaxial (functionally)
*articular disc between bones
2. Scapula->Clavicle=acromioclavicular joint
-synovial-gliding
*coracoclavicular joint
3. Scapulothoracic articulation (NOT a joint)
-elevation/depression
-abduction (hugging someone)
-adduction (scap add)
-rotate (arm up/arm down)
4. Glenohumeral joint (true shoulder joint)
-glenoid fossa & head of humorous
-synovial/multiaxial (ball & socket)
-ligaments are loose that allows for movement
-muscles-give joint strength
-surrounding glenoid fossa
*glenoid labrum-rim of cartilage(deepens socket)
**dislocations are anterior or posterior
Describe the glenohumeral joint in terms of its structure and strength. - correct answer-True
shoulder joint. B/t glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus. Less than 1/3 of humeral
head in the fossa (sets stage for shoulder to be unstable) Rim of cartilage is glenoid labrum
, (deepens the socket). Synovial, multiaxial, ball and socket. Flex/ext, ab/adduct, rotate.
Ligaments play a very minor role in shoulder stability
Describe the differences between the shoulder joint and hip joint. - correct answer-Shoulder
joint is not as stable as the hip joint, but is more moveable. The hip joint is held mainly by
ligaments, while the should is held mainly by muscle.
Describe the differences between axiohumeral, axioscapular, and scapulohumeral muscles.
- correct answer-Axio humeral - axial skeleton to humerus (Pectoralis Major, latissimus dorsi)
axioscapular muscles - move scapula to move humerus. The scapula movements are:
elevate/depress, adduct/abduct, rotate (moves glenoid fossa upward and downward)
(Pectoralis minor, trapezius, lavator scapulae, rhomboids, serratus anterior)
scapulohumeral muscles - Directly affect humeral movement. (Deltoid, teres major, Rotator
cuff muscles (teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis)
Trapezius - correct answer-A: External Occipital protuberance
Ligamentum nuchae
S.P. T1-T12
B: Acromion & Spine of Scapula
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
INN: Accessory Nerve (XI)
Action: Adduct scapula
Rotate Glenoid fossa up
Upper part elevates scapula
Lower part depresses scapula
Latissimus Dorsi - correct answer-A: S.P. of T7-L5
Lumbodorsal fascia
Crest of ilium
lower four ribs
B: Bicipital groove
INN: Thracodorsal Nerve
Action: Adducts arm
Medial rotation of arm
Draws arm posteriorly (extends shoulder)
Levator Scapulae - correct answer-A: T.P. of C1-C4
B. Superior medial border of scapula
INN: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Action: Elevates scapula
Tilts glenoid fossa down
Rhomboid Major - correct answer-A: S.P. of T2-T5
B: Medial border of scapula (below spine)
INN: Dorsal scapular nerve
Action: Adducts scapula
List the bones, anatomical names and common names for the different parts of the upper
limb. - correct answer-Region Name Bones
Shoulder Shoulder Scapula/Clavical
(Neck->Arm) (Pectoral Girdle)
Arm Brachium Humerus
(Should->Elbow)
Forearm Antebrachium Radius/Ulna
(Elbow->Hand)
Hand Manus(wrist->carpus) Carpal Bones
Hand proper->metacarpus Metacarpals
Finger->Digits Phalanges
List a general function of each of the scapula and clavicle. - correct answer-Scapula: Muscle
attachments
Axial skeleton->Scapula
Clavicle: "strut" to project lim laterally (climbing)
Transmit energy from appendicular->axial skeleton
ex) falling down and landing on hands
List the four articulations of the shoulder region, their classification and movements. - correct
answer-1. Sternum->Clavicle=sternoclavicular joint
-synovial/multiaxial (functionally)
*articular disc between bones
2. Scapula->Clavicle=acromioclavicular joint
-synovial-gliding
*coracoclavicular joint
3. Scapulothoracic articulation (NOT a joint)
-elevation/depression
-abduction (hugging someone)
-adduction (scap add)
-rotate (arm up/arm down)
4. Glenohumeral joint (true shoulder joint)
-glenoid fossa & head of humorous
-synovial/multiaxial (ball & socket)
-ligaments are loose that allows for movement
-muscles-give joint strength
-surrounding glenoid fossa
*glenoid labrum-rim of cartilage(deepens socket)
**dislocations are anterior or posterior
Describe the glenohumeral joint in terms of its structure and strength. - correct answer-True
shoulder joint. B/t glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus. Less than 1/3 of humeral
head in the fossa (sets stage for shoulder to be unstable) Rim of cartilage is glenoid labrum
, (deepens the socket). Synovial, multiaxial, ball and socket. Flex/ext, ab/adduct, rotate.
Ligaments play a very minor role in shoulder stability
Describe the differences between the shoulder joint and hip joint. - correct answer-Shoulder
joint is not as stable as the hip joint, but is more moveable. The hip joint is held mainly by
ligaments, while the should is held mainly by muscle.
Describe the differences between axiohumeral, axioscapular, and scapulohumeral muscles.
- correct answer-Axio humeral - axial skeleton to humerus (Pectoralis Major, latissimus dorsi)
axioscapular muscles - move scapula to move humerus. The scapula movements are:
elevate/depress, adduct/abduct, rotate (moves glenoid fossa upward and downward)
(Pectoralis minor, trapezius, lavator scapulae, rhomboids, serratus anterior)
scapulohumeral muscles - Directly affect humeral movement. (Deltoid, teres major, Rotator
cuff muscles (teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis)
Trapezius - correct answer-A: External Occipital protuberance
Ligamentum nuchae
S.P. T1-T12
B: Acromion & Spine of Scapula
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
INN: Accessory Nerve (XI)
Action: Adduct scapula
Rotate Glenoid fossa up
Upper part elevates scapula
Lower part depresses scapula
Latissimus Dorsi - correct answer-A: S.P. of T7-L5
Lumbodorsal fascia
Crest of ilium
lower four ribs
B: Bicipital groove
INN: Thracodorsal Nerve
Action: Adducts arm
Medial rotation of arm
Draws arm posteriorly (extends shoulder)
Levator Scapulae - correct answer-A: T.P. of C1-C4
B. Superior medial border of scapula
INN: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Action: Elevates scapula
Tilts glenoid fossa down
Rhomboid Major - correct answer-A: S.P. of T2-T5
B: Medial border of scapula (below spine)
INN: Dorsal scapular nerve
Action: Adducts scapula
