Certified Lactation Course Exam
weaning - correct answer-the addition of adding other foods to a diet, but not completely
stopping or ceasing breastfeeding
When did breastfeeding rates start to initially decline (i.e. in Britain), particularly among the
wealthy population? - correct answer-16th-17th century and through the 18th century
Which month did women historically think was the most important to breastfeed during? -
correct answer-the summer (due to food spoilage)
What three ingredients made up the first commercial formula? (early 1800's/19th century) -
correct answer--wheat flour
-cow's milk
-sugar
what was, and still is today, one of the biggest reasons why mothers quit breastfeeding? -
correct answer-mothers report not producing enough milk
when did bottle feeding become the "new norm", thus, causing breastfeeding rates to
continue to decline? - correct answer-20th century (particularly, mid 1900's) (1950's-1970's)
what is the WHO code? - correct answer-an attempt to prevent excessive marketing of ABM
(artificial baby milk) and to bring awareness of benefits of breastfeeding (although this code
is not law in many countries as it interferes with marketing & freedom)
*breastfeeding education to pubic is critical!*
what are some other breastfeeding barriers mothers have? - correct answer--sexual vs
functional aspects of breasts
-women in the workplace
-"im not producing enough milk"
-lack of support from medical profession
where are the breasts specifically located on the body? - correct answer--between 2nd & 6th
rib
-from sternum to mid axillary line
-only gland in not fully functioning at birth
*may contain hair, sweat, and oil glands
hypoplastic breasts - correct answer--insufficient glandular tissues
-usually only extend from 3rd to 5th rib
-typically have more spacing between breasts (1.5 inches or more)
, montgomery glands/tubercles - correct answer-"small bumps" located around areola that
become more prominent (hypertrophy) during pregnancy & are thought to secrete substance
during pregnancy/lactation & contain scent glands to help guide infant to nipple, while also
helping kill pathogens that try to enter the body
areola - correct answer-vary in shape & color; usually circular; become darker during
pregnancy and do not return to pre-pregnancy color
nipple - correct answer-contain smooth muscle fibers for erectness and graspability;
normally found at 4th intercostal space that typically contain between 4-18 openings (9 on
average) for milk to be expressed through during lactation
nipple/areola complex - correct answer-thought of as one entity; both elongate up to 2-3
times resting length during breastfeeding;
areola = most sensitive part of breast
nipples = least sensitive
everted nipples - correct answer-most common type of nipples; protrudes slightly at rest &
everts well with stimulation
flat nipples - correct answer-soft, but pliable & graspable
pseudo-inverted nipples - correct answer-appear to be inverted but will evert with stimulation
or compression
retracted nipples - correct answer-type of inverted nipples that appear to be graspable but
retracts, rather than everts, with compression
inverted nipples/nipple inversion - correct answer-retracted nipples that occur with retracted
both with rest and stimualtion
what are some techniques for flat/inverted nipples that may help to evert nipples? - correct
answer--inverted syringe
-supple cups
-breast shells
-avent nipplette
-"pinch test" in last trimester of pregnancy
supernumerary nipples - correct answer-"3rd nipple" or "accessory nipple" found along line
of glandular tissue
what is breast tissue composed of? - correct answer-2/3 glandular tissue
1/3 adipose tissue
suspensory ligaments - correct answer-aka cooper's ligaments;
heavy fibrous bands that divide adipose and glandular tissue of breasts into segments
weaning - correct answer-the addition of adding other foods to a diet, but not completely
stopping or ceasing breastfeeding
When did breastfeeding rates start to initially decline (i.e. in Britain), particularly among the
wealthy population? - correct answer-16th-17th century and through the 18th century
Which month did women historically think was the most important to breastfeed during? -
correct answer-the summer (due to food spoilage)
What three ingredients made up the first commercial formula? (early 1800's/19th century) -
correct answer--wheat flour
-cow's milk
-sugar
what was, and still is today, one of the biggest reasons why mothers quit breastfeeding? -
correct answer-mothers report not producing enough milk
when did bottle feeding become the "new norm", thus, causing breastfeeding rates to
continue to decline? - correct answer-20th century (particularly, mid 1900's) (1950's-1970's)
what is the WHO code? - correct answer-an attempt to prevent excessive marketing of ABM
(artificial baby milk) and to bring awareness of benefits of breastfeeding (although this code
is not law in many countries as it interferes with marketing & freedom)
*breastfeeding education to pubic is critical!*
what are some other breastfeeding barriers mothers have? - correct answer--sexual vs
functional aspects of breasts
-women in the workplace
-"im not producing enough milk"
-lack of support from medical profession
where are the breasts specifically located on the body? - correct answer--between 2nd & 6th
rib
-from sternum to mid axillary line
-only gland in not fully functioning at birth
*may contain hair, sweat, and oil glands
hypoplastic breasts - correct answer--insufficient glandular tissues
-usually only extend from 3rd to 5th rib
-typically have more spacing between breasts (1.5 inches or more)
, montgomery glands/tubercles - correct answer-"small bumps" located around areola that
become more prominent (hypertrophy) during pregnancy & are thought to secrete substance
during pregnancy/lactation & contain scent glands to help guide infant to nipple, while also
helping kill pathogens that try to enter the body
areola - correct answer-vary in shape & color; usually circular; become darker during
pregnancy and do not return to pre-pregnancy color
nipple - correct answer-contain smooth muscle fibers for erectness and graspability;
normally found at 4th intercostal space that typically contain between 4-18 openings (9 on
average) for milk to be expressed through during lactation
nipple/areola complex - correct answer-thought of as one entity; both elongate up to 2-3
times resting length during breastfeeding;
areola = most sensitive part of breast
nipples = least sensitive
everted nipples - correct answer-most common type of nipples; protrudes slightly at rest &
everts well with stimulation
flat nipples - correct answer-soft, but pliable & graspable
pseudo-inverted nipples - correct answer-appear to be inverted but will evert with stimulation
or compression
retracted nipples - correct answer-type of inverted nipples that appear to be graspable but
retracts, rather than everts, with compression
inverted nipples/nipple inversion - correct answer-retracted nipples that occur with retracted
both with rest and stimualtion
what are some techniques for flat/inverted nipples that may help to evert nipples? - correct
answer--inverted syringe
-supple cups
-breast shells
-avent nipplette
-"pinch test" in last trimester of pregnancy
supernumerary nipples - correct answer-"3rd nipple" or "accessory nipple" found along line
of glandular tissue
what is breast tissue composed of? - correct answer-2/3 glandular tissue
1/3 adipose tissue
suspensory ligaments - correct answer-aka cooper's ligaments;
heavy fibrous bands that divide adipose and glandular tissue of breasts into segments
