Certified Lactation Counselor (CLC)
Study
AAP - correct answer-American Academy of Pediatrics
ABM - correct answer-Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
AGA - correct answer-Appropriate for gestational age.
Alveoli - correct answer-Small glands in the breast that produce breast milk.
Amenorrhea - correct answer-The absence of menstruation.
Asymmetric latch - correct answer-Optimal attachment to the breast, where the babies lips
are not centred in relationship to the areola, but rather vertically off centred, with the babies
chin and lower lip closer to the edge of the areola and the babies upper lip.
Atopy - correct answer-And allergy for which there is a genetic predisposition, such as
asthma, eczema, or rhinitis.
(BFHI) Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative - correct answer-The UNICEF baby friendly hospital
initiative, an international program recognizing hospitals and birth centers that implement the
10 steps to successful breastfeeding.
Bilirubin - correct answer-The byproduct of the breakdown of the hemoglobin portion of red
blood cells.
Bilirubin Encephalopathy - correct answer-Damage to the brain and central nervous system
related to hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice); Also known as "Kernicterus."
Milk Bleb - correct answer-A firm, small, white spot near the nipple pore opening containing
accumulated milk solids. Also referred to as a milk blister.
Block Feeding - correct answer-A pattern of feeding: used to deal with an over-abundant
milk supply. In block feeding, the mother offers the baby only one breast for one, two, or
three feedings to generate mild local pressure to slow down milk production. Then she offers
the other breast for another block of time.
Blocked Duct - correct answer-A condition in which milk from one part of the breast does not
flow well and forms a lump of solidified milk that blocks the milk duct.
Brachial Plexus Injury - correct answer-Decreased movement or sensation in the arm
caused by injury to the bundle of nerves passing through the shoulder area. This may be
caused during birth by pressure to the shoulder area.
,Bradycardia - correct answer-Slow heart rate, less than 100 bpm in an infant.
Breast Abscess - correct answer-An area in the breast that feels hot and painful and is full of
fluid. Typically resulting from unresolved mastitis.
Breast Compression - correct answer-A hands-on method used during nursing or pumping to
increase the flow of milk. The mother gently sneezes, or compresses gently, her breast.
Typically used when milk flow stops or slows, to increase milk flow again. Also called
"alternate massage."
Breastmilk Jaundice - correct answer-Jaundice occurring in the breast fed infant after 10-14
days of life. The cause of breastmilk jaundice is unknown and the incident is less than 1%.
Brucellosis - correct answer-Bacterial infection from contact with animals carrying the
Brucella bacteria. Infection causes an undulating fever that spikes in waves.
Candida - correct answer-A family of parasitic fungi occurring especially in the mouth,
vagina, and intestinal tract. They are usually benign but can become pathogenic and include
the caustive agent (candida albicans) of thrush.
Caput Succedaneum - correct answer-Swelling of the soft tissues of a newborn baby's scalp
that develops as a baby travels through the birth canal.
CDC - correct answer-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Cephalohematoma - correct answer-A lump that rises on the head of a newborn with an
hours of birth due to bleeding beneath the bones of the skull.
Chorioamniotis - correct answer-Inflammation of the fetal membrane due to infection.
Cleft Lip and/or Palate - correct answer-A congenital birth defect causing a division or
opening in the roof of the mouth and/or split in the lip.
Cyanosis - correct answer-A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes.
Colostrum - correct answer-The first milk, produced in the breast by the seventh month of
pregnancy. It is thick, sticky, and clear to yellowish in color; is high in protein and vitamin A;
causes a laxative effect, thus, helping the baby to pass meconium stools. Immunoglobulins
(mostly IgA) In colostrum provide an anti-infection protection to the baby and their gut
microbiome.
Contraindication - correct answer-A condition or factor that makes something in advisable.
Craniofacial - correct answer-Involving the head and skull.
Cooper's Ligaments - correct answer-The triangular-shaped ligaments underlying the
breasts.
, Cytomegalovirus - correct answer-A virus of the herpes family that is relatively harmless and
adults but can cause severe systemic infection in infants, particularly those born premature.
Dehydration Signs - correct answer-Symptoms include, but are not limited to the following:
Dry or sticky mouth, low or no urine output, concentrated urine that appears dark yellow,
non-production of tears, sunken eyes, markedly sunken fontanelles in an infant, lethargic or
coma (severe).
Diabetes Mellitus - correct answer-A group of diseases in which the body has difficulty
managing stable blood sugar.
Discordant Twins - correct answer-Twin pairs with a marked difference in size at birth.
Discrepancy Breasts - correct answer-A condition in which a woman's breast are markedly
different in size and/or shape. This is associated with potential milk supply problems. Also
called "asymmetric "breasts.
Down Syndrome - correct answer-A congenital condition characterized by moderate to
severe mental retardation *[textbook definition]*. Also called trisomy 21.
Dyad - correct answer-A group of two. In lactation terms, usually refers to a nursing mother
and baby.
Duarte Galactosemia - correct answer-A variant of galactosemia with generally milder
complications.
EBF - correct answer-Exclusively breastfed.
ELBW (Acronym) - correct answer-Extremely low birth weight. An infant with a birth weight
less than <1,000 grams (2.2 pounds).
Failure to Thrive (FTT) - correct answer-A serious condition in which baby's growth is
inadequate and requires medical evaluation.
Engorgement - correct answer-Swelling in the breast that blocks milk flow; caused by
inadequate or infrequent milk removal the breast(s). Breasts will be hot to the touch, painful
and will look tight and shiny. With severe engorgement, milk production may stop. With
inadequate drainage, clogs and/or mastitis can occur.
Everted Nipple - correct answer-A nipple that turns outward when stimulated.
Exclusive Breastmilk Feeding (EBMF) - correct answer-A term used by The Joint
Commission (2011) to describe those babies who are receiving only human milk.
Feeding Cues - correct answer-Infant behavior that indicates an interest in eating, including
rapid eye movement, movement of hands near the face and mouth (sucking hands and
fingers), rooting and seeking motions (turning head side to side while gaping).
Study
AAP - correct answer-American Academy of Pediatrics
ABM - correct answer-Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
AGA - correct answer-Appropriate for gestational age.
Alveoli - correct answer-Small glands in the breast that produce breast milk.
Amenorrhea - correct answer-The absence of menstruation.
Asymmetric latch - correct answer-Optimal attachment to the breast, where the babies lips
are not centred in relationship to the areola, but rather vertically off centred, with the babies
chin and lower lip closer to the edge of the areola and the babies upper lip.
Atopy - correct answer-And allergy for which there is a genetic predisposition, such as
asthma, eczema, or rhinitis.
(BFHI) Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative - correct answer-The UNICEF baby friendly hospital
initiative, an international program recognizing hospitals and birth centers that implement the
10 steps to successful breastfeeding.
Bilirubin - correct answer-The byproduct of the breakdown of the hemoglobin portion of red
blood cells.
Bilirubin Encephalopathy - correct answer-Damage to the brain and central nervous system
related to hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice); Also known as "Kernicterus."
Milk Bleb - correct answer-A firm, small, white spot near the nipple pore opening containing
accumulated milk solids. Also referred to as a milk blister.
Block Feeding - correct answer-A pattern of feeding: used to deal with an over-abundant
milk supply. In block feeding, the mother offers the baby only one breast for one, two, or
three feedings to generate mild local pressure to slow down milk production. Then she offers
the other breast for another block of time.
Blocked Duct - correct answer-A condition in which milk from one part of the breast does not
flow well and forms a lump of solidified milk that blocks the milk duct.
Brachial Plexus Injury - correct answer-Decreased movement or sensation in the arm
caused by injury to the bundle of nerves passing through the shoulder area. This may be
caused during birth by pressure to the shoulder area.
,Bradycardia - correct answer-Slow heart rate, less than 100 bpm in an infant.
Breast Abscess - correct answer-An area in the breast that feels hot and painful and is full of
fluid. Typically resulting from unresolved mastitis.
Breast Compression - correct answer-A hands-on method used during nursing or pumping to
increase the flow of milk. The mother gently sneezes, or compresses gently, her breast.
Typically used when milk flow stops or slows, to increase milk flow again. Also called
"alternate massage."
Breastmilk Jaundice - correct answer-Jaundice occurring in the breast fed infant after 10-14
days of life. The cause of breastmilk jaundice is unknown and the incident is less than 1%.
Brucellosis - correct answer-Bacterial infection from contact with animals carrying the
Brucella bacteria. Infection causes an undulating fever that spikes in waves.
Candida - correct answer-A family of parasitic fungi occurring especially in the mouth,
vagina, and intestinal tract. They are usually benign but can become pathogenic and include
the caustive agent (candida albicans) of thrush.
Caput Succedaneum - correct answer-Swelling of the soft tissues of a newborn baby's scalp
that develops as a baby travels through the birth canal.
CDC - correct answer-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Cephalohematoma - correct answer-A lump that rises on the head of a newborn with an
hours of birth due to bleeding beneath the bones of the skull.
Chorioamniotis - correct answer-Inflammation of the fetal membrane due to infection.
Cleft Lip and/or Palate - correct answer-A congenital birth defect causing a division or
opening in the roof of the mouth and/or split in the lip.
Cyanosis - correct answer-A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes.
Colostrum - correct answer-The first milk, produced in the breast by the seventh month of
pregnancy. It is thick, sticky, and clear to yellowish in color; is high in protein and vitamin A;
causes a laxative effect, thus, helping the baby to pass meconium stools. Immunoglobulins
(mostly IgA) In colostrum provide an anti-infection protection to the baby and their gut
microbiome.
Contraindication - correct answer-A condition or factor that makes something in advisable.
Craniofacial - correct answer-Involving the head and skull.
Cooper's Ligaments - correct answer-The triangular-shaped ligaments underlying the
breasts.
, Cytomegalovirus - correct answer-A virus of the herpes family that is relatively harmless and
adults but can cause severe systemic infection in infants, particularly those born premature.
Dehydration Signs - correct answer-Symptoms include, but are not limited to the following:
Dry or sticky mouth, low or no urine output, concentrated urine that appears dark yellow,
non-production of tears, sunken eyes, markedly sunken fontanelles in an infant, lethargic or
coma (severe).
Diabetes Mellitus - correct answer-A group of diseases in which the body has difficulty
managing stable blood sugar.
Discordant Twins - correct answer-Twin pairs with a marked difference in size at birth.
Discrepancy Breasts - correct answer-A condition in which a woman's breast are markedly
different in size and/or shape. This is associated with potential milk supply problems. Also
called "asymmetric "breasts.
Down Syndrome - correct answer-A congenital condition characterized by moderate to
severe mental retardation *[textbook definition]*. Also called trisomy 21.
Dyad - correct answer-A group of two. In lactation terms, usually refers to a nursing mother
and baby.
Duarte Galactosemia - correct answer-A variant of galactosemia with generally milder
complications.
EBF - correct answer-Exclusively breastfed.
ELBW (Acronym) - correct answer-Extremely low birth weight. An infant with a birth weight
less than <1,000 grams (2.2 pounds).
Failure to Thrive (FTT) - correct answer-A serious condition in which baby's growth is
inadequate and requires medical evaluation.
Engorgement - correct answer-Swelling in the breast that blocks milk flow; caused by
inadequate or infrequent milk removal the breast(s). Breasts will be hot to the touch, painful
and will look tight and shiny. With severe engorgement, milk production may stop. With
inadequate drainage, clogs and/or mastitis can occur.
Everted Nipple - correct answer-A nipple that turns outward when stimulated.
Exclusive Breastmilk Feeding (EBMF) - correct answer-A term used by The Joint
Commission (2011) to describe those babies who are receiving only human milk.
Feeding Cues - correct answer-Infant behavior that indicates an interest in eating, including
rapid eye movement, movement of hands near the face and mouth (sucking hands and
fingers), rooting and seeking motions (turning head side to side while gaping).
